A novel approach to a Brillouin–LIDAR for remote sensing of the ocean temperature

Brillouin lidar and related basic physics

“…Substituting (l − z) by t p υ p 2 in Eq. (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10), and neglecting dispersion effect, we have…”

“…In the past three decades, the lidar system based on Brillouin scattering for remote sensing of the ocean has attracted attention [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] because of its special properties and high precision. Current authors have made lots of efforts in developing a Brillouin lidar [9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Comparison of three technique of Brillouin lidar for remote sensing of the ocean

“…From the spectrum, the Brillouin shift and Brillouin line width can be determined by the free spectral range (FSR) of the FPI. Based on the relationship between the ocean parameters and the spectral characteristics the ocean parameters can be obtained, such as, sound speed in the water [4,5,9], temperature of the water [2,10,11], viscosity of the water [8], attenuation coefficient of light in the water [13], and the salinity of the sea water [3]. So, the Brillouin lidar using FPI technique can measure several ocean parameters.…”

“…It can be used for the real time measurements of sound speed in the water [4,9], temperature of the water [2,3,10,12], salinity of the sea water [3], and attenuation coefficient of the water [13]. Also, it can be used for detecting submerged object [6].…”

Dual-polarization airborne lidar for freshwater fisheries management and research

“…20 These lidars rely on elastic scattering, although Brillouin scattering has been investigated as a method for lidar profiling of water temperature. [21][22][23][24][25] These previous studies focused almost exclusively on oceanic measurements, with comparatively little study in freshwater. The purpose of this paper is to describe the design of a low-cost, compact, nonscanning lidar system for freshwater lake studies from a single-engine airplane.…”