A Pilot Study of Cross-Cultural Meaning

Abstract

favorably disposed toward the Japanese or toward Oriental art, the enjoyment in the exhibit was sharply decreased with the apparent consequence of little favorable attitude shift toward the art producers. 8 Probably the most favorable effect of the exhibit was found in Boston, where attendance was lowest but most selective. But this effect, of course, was of the nature of reinforcement of previously-held favorable attitudes.1 Among the Boston studcnti the highest proportion of respondents who changed their views about the Japanoe in a "favorable" direction was found among those who liked the exhibit best These it should be noted were equally often found among thox whose pre-exhibit view of me Japanese was exclusively favorable or haiintrd by the ascription of some unfavorable traits (eg., "nationalistic" or "cruel").

Utilizing quantitative users' reactions to represent affective meanings of an image

“…Regarding a 2D space representation, although SD and SAM were developed for representing emotions to 3D spaces, there are many SD and SAM studies that represent emotional reactions to 2D spaces (Lang, Bradley, & Cuthbert, 2005; Backs, da Silva, & Han, 2005; Kumata & Schramm, 1956). Based on this study and previous SD and SAM studies, I presumed that depending on the stimuli, i.e., features of image collections, the appropriate number of dimension would be decided.…”

“Under the Weather”: The Weather Effects on U.S. Newspaper Coverage of the 2008 Beijing Olympics

“…According to psychologists, the most fundamental inference from human beings' language can be classified into positive, negative, and neutral (Osgood, 1959(Osgood, , 1963. Kumata and Schramm (1956) found that even for groups as divergent in language and culture as Americans, Japanese, and Koreans, positive and negative evaluation was still the first and biggest factor. Scheier and Carver (1993) had proposed that positivity and negativity had ''an enduring personality characteristic that changes little with the vagaries of life'' (p. 27).…”

An adaptation of the “general inquirer” for the systematic analysis of political documents

“…The three dimensions (positive affect-negative affect, strength-weakness, activity-passivity) selected as tag concepts for the dictionary are derived from a number of theories relevant to the study of international relations. For example, the three dichotomized dimensions correspond to the evaluative, potency, and activity dimensions which are primary in human expression irrespective of culture (Osgood, Suci, & Tannenbaum, 1957;Suci, 1957;Osgood, 1960;Kumata & Schramm, 1956). The dictionary thus reflects the proposition that when decision-makers perceive themselves, other nations, eventsor any stimulus-the most relevant discriminations are made in a space defined by these three factors.…”