A radical form of nitric oxide inhibits porcine circovirus type 2 replication in vitro

Xue, Ting; Li, Jizong; Liu, Chuanmin

doi:10.1186/s12917-019-1796-x

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Porcine circovirus (PCV) is the smallest known animal virus, belonging to the genus Circovirus in the Circoviridae family and can be divided into three serotypes, Porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1), Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) [1]. PCV1 is a non-pathogenic virus, PCV2 and PCV3 are pathogenic viruses [2]. Recently, a novel circovirus was identified and tentatively designated as porcine circovirus type 4 (PCV4) [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fusion Expression and Immune Effect of PCV2 Cap Protein Tandem Multiantigen Epitopes with CD154/GM-CSF

Mao

Zhang

et al. 2021

Veterinary Sciences

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Porcine circovirus associated diseases (PCVAD) is a contagious disease of swine caused by porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). The capsid protein (Cap) is the sole structural protein and the main antigen of PCV2. Cap is the principal immunogenic protein and induces humoral and cellular immunity. CD154 and GM-CSF are immune adjuvants that enhance responses to vaccines. However, whether these two cellular molecules could produce an enhanced effect in PCV2 vaccines still needs to be further studied. The results of PCR and restriction enzyme showed that the recombinant lentiviral plasmids pCDH-TB-Cap, pCDH-TB-Cap-CD154 and pCDH-TB-Cap were successfully constructed. Western blot and IFA showed that the three fusion proteins TB-Cap, TB-Cap-CD154 and TB-Cap-GM-CSF were stably expressed in CHO-K1 cells. Indirect ELISA assay showed that mice immunized with TB-Cap-CD154 and TB-Cap-GM-CSF fusion proteins produced higher PCV2-specific antibodies than mice immunized with the TB-Cap and a commercial vaccine (p < 0.0001). Moreover, lymphocyte proliferation and flow cytometry showed that the cellular immune response of each immune group was significantly enhanced (p < 0.0001). After PCV2 challenge, the results revealed that the viral loads in serum, lung and kidney of all vaccinated groups were significantly lower than the PBS group (p < 0.0001). The transcription levels of IL-2, IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-10 cytokines in the TB-Cap, TB-Cap-CD154 and TB-Cap-GM-CSF groups were significantly higher than those in the PBS and recombinant vaccine groups (p < 0.0001). These results indicated that CD154 and GM-CSF could enhance the ability of TB-Cap protein to induce the body to produce PCV2 specific antibodies and increase the transcription level of cytokines. Thus, CD154 and GM-CSF molecules were a powerful immunoadjuvant for PCV2 subunit vaccines. The novel TB-Cap-CD154 and TB-Cap-GM-CSF subunit vaccine has the potential to be used for the prevention and control of PCVAD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fusion Expression and Immune Effect of PCV2 Cap Protein Tandem Multiantigen Epitopes with CD154/GM-CSF

Mao

Zhang

et al. 2021

Veterinary Sciences

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“…A recombinant pGEM-T easy vector (TaKaRa, China) containing PCV2 genome insert was constructed, as described previously ( Xue et al., 2019 ). The qPCR standard curve was generated by analysis of ten fold serial dilutions ranging from 10 2 to 10 7 copies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Virus-Like Agent Originated From Genome Rearrangement of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) Enhances PCV2 Replication and Regulates Intracellular Redox Status In Vitro

Feng

Zhang

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Genome rearrangement occurs to porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) during in vitro and in vivo infections, and a number of rearranged PCV2 genomes have been isolated and characterized. This study was conducted to investigate the role of the rearranged PCV2 (rPCV2) in PCV2 replication and the biological effect of rPCV2 in host cells. Two whole rPCV2 genome sequences (358 nt and 1125 nt in length) were synthesized and recombinant plasmids pBSK(+)-rPCV2 (pBSK(+)-1125 and pBSK(+)-358) were constructed. A novel virus-like agent (rPCV2-1125) was rescued by in vitro transfection of porcine kidney cell line (PK-15) and porcine alveolar macrophage 3D4/21 cells. The data indicate that rPCV2-1125 significantly enhanced PCV2 replication in vitro. Furthermore, rPCV2-1125 led to oxidative stress in host cells, as indicated by decreased intracellular glutathione (GSH) and total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, as well as increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. These results provide new insights into genome rearrangement of PCV2 and will contribute to future studies of PCV2 replication and associated mechanisms.

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“…NO has immunomodulatory properties 12 and broad-spectrum antimicrobial and antiviral activity. 13,14 The antiviral effects of berdazimer have been demonstrated in clinical studies, [15][16][17][18] yet the mechanism of action in the treatment of MC is unknown. 19 In vitro, berdazimer sodium reduced poxvirus viral load and reduced downstream expression of the MC immunomodulation protein, MC160, through a direct action on MC virions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Berdazimer gel for molluscum contagiosum in patients with atopic dermatitis

Paller,

Green,

Silverberg

et al. 2024

Pediatric Dermatology

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ObjectiveControlling molluscum contagiosum (MC) infections is critical in atopic dermatitis (AD) management. This post hoc analysis assessed the efficacy and safety of berdazimer gel, 10.3% (topical, antiviral, nitric oxide–releasing medication) versus vehicle in MC patients with or without AD.MethodsThree Phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, vehicle‐controlled, parallel‐group trials (B‐SIMPLE[berdazimer sodium in molluscum patients with lesions]1, −2, −4) enrolled patients 6 months and older with 3–70 mollusca. Berdazimer or vehicle was applied once daily to all MC lesions for 12 weeks. Data from three Phase 3 studies were integrated for subgroup efficacy and safety assessments using several weighted meta‐analysis approaches. Patients with concurrent AD or a history of AD/eczema were categorized as AD+ subgroup (AD− when absent). Primary efficacy endpoint: complete lesion clearance at Week 12. Safety endpoints included adverse events (AEs) through Week 24 and local skin reactions through Week 12.ResultsOf 1598 enrolled patients, 209 (13.1%) were AD+. Baseline mean lesion counts were greater in AD+ (26.4) than AD− (19.3). Complete clearance rates were higher at Week 12 for berdazimer compared with vehicle in AD+ (n = 209; 35.0% vs. 27.4%; odds ratio [OR], 1.3; 95% CI, 0.7–2.5) and AD− (n = 1389; 29.1% vs. 18.9%; OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.4–2.4) subgroups. AEs in AD+ were application‐site pain (21.6% with berdazimer vs. 11.9% with vehicle), dermatitis (12.8% vs. 2.4%), and erythema (9.6% vs. 7.1%).ConclusionsBerdazimer gel showed favorable efficacy regardless of AD status. Berdazimer‐induced erythema may be indistinguishable from AD symptoms or with inflammatory response upon resolution of molluscum.

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A radical form of nitric oxide inhibits porcine circovirus type 2 replication in vitro

Cited by 8 publications

References 32 publications

Fusion Expression and Immune Effect of PCV2 Cap Protein Tandem Multiantigen Epitopes with CD154/GM-CSF

Fusion Expression and Immune Effect of PCV2 Cap Protein Tandem Multiantigen Epitopes with CD154/GM-CSF

A Novel Virus-Like Agent Originated From Genome Rearrangement of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) Enhances PCV2 Replication and Regulates Intracellular Redox Status In Vitro

Berdazimer gel for molluscum contagiosum in patients with atopic dermatitis

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