A review of cryogenic thermometry and common temperature sensors

Yeager, C. J.; Courts, S. Scott

doi:10.1109/7361.983476

Cited by 77 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Thermocouples are very diffi cult to use as low temperature thermometers in the presence of magnetic fi elds as the thermoelectric power depends on both the temperature and the magnetic fi eld. 180,181 …”

Section: Via Thermocouplementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Variations in wire composition, homogeneity, or even mechanical strain can affect the temperature reading. 180 There are two types of thermocouples: a sheath type and a protectedtube type. Sheathed thermocouple probes are available with one of three junction types: grounded, ungrounded, or exposed.…”

Section: Via Thermocouplementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Semiconductors such as germanium have NTC behavior. 180 Thermistors typically work over a relatively small temperature range, compared to other temperature sensors, and can be very accurate and precise within that range. 182 …”

Section: Vib Thermistormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal Therapy, Part IV: Electromagnetic and Thermal Dosimetry

Habash

Bansal

Krewski

et al. 2007

Crit Rev Biomed Eng

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ABSTRACT:In this article some of the important techniques in electromagnetic (EM) and thermal dosimetry are reviewed. Three major areas are discussed: modeling power deposition and estimation of EM energy absorbed by tissues exposed to EM radiation, electrical-thermal modeling for thermal therapy with various models of heat transfer in living tissues, and thermal dosimetry using invasive and noninvasive thermometry. Knowledge about the temperature distributions achieved can only be obtained by treatment planning of patient therapy. This process is called thermal therapy planning system (TTPS), which is a large and complex system for design, control, documentation, and evaluation of the treatment that also provides data for treatment optimization. Various imaging techniques for guidance and monitoring necessary for clinical treatments are also discussed. The review concludes by suggesting future avenues for investigations.

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Section: Via Thermocouplementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Via Thermocouplementioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal Therapy, Part IV: Electromagnetic and Thermal Dosimetry

Habash

Bansal

Krewski

et al. 2007

Crit Rev Biomed Eng

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“…Irradiation behaviors of a cryogenic thermometers have been studied for neutrons and photons in Dubna [1,2]. Potential thermometers for the ILC cryomodule should also be tested by experiment and simulation to clarify its characteristics.…”

Section: Radiation Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation Requirements and Testing of Cryogenic Thermometers for the Ilc

Barnett¹,

Filippov²,

Filippova³

et al. 2008

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Large quantity of cryogenic temperature sensors will be used for operation of the International Linear Collider (ILC). Most of them will be subject to high radiation doses during the accelerator lifetime. Understanding of particle energy spectra, accumulated radiation dose in thermometers and its impact on performance are vital in establishing technical specification of cryogenic thermometry for the ILC. Realistic MARS15 computer simulations were performed to understand the ILC radiation environment. Simulation results were used to establish radiation dose requirements for commercially available cryogenic thermometers. Two types of thermometers, Cernox® and TVO, were calibrated prior to irradiation using different technique. The sensors were subjected then to up to 200 kGy electron beam irradiation with kinetic energy of 5 MeV, a representative of the situation at the ILC operation. A post-irradiation behavior of the sensors was studied. The paper describes the MARS15 model, simulation results, cryogenic test set-up, irradiation tests, and cryogenic test results.

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“…These make a measurement on low-temperature need a long time compared to the measurement of medium in the room temperature [1,2]. The RTD (Resistance Temperature Detector) sensor is a sensor used to measure temperature by correlating RTD element resistance with temperature [3,4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure, thickness and sheet resistivity of Cu/Ni thin film produced by electroplating technique on the variation of electrolyte temperature

Toifur

Yuningsih

Khusnani

2018

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Abstract. In this research, it has been made Cu/Ni thin film produced with electroplating technique. The deposition process was done in the plating bath using Cu and Ni as cathode and anode respectively. The electrolyte solution was made from the mixture of HBrO3 (7.5g), NiSO4 (100g), NiCl2 (15g), and aquadest (250 ml). Electrolyte temperature was varied from 40C up to 80C, to make the Ni ions in the solution easy to move to Cu cathode. The deposition was done during 2 minutes on the potential of 1.5 volt. Many characterizations were done including the thickness of Ni film, microstructure, and sheet resistivity. The results showed that at all samples Ni had attacked on the Cu substrate to form Cu/Ni. The raising of electrolyte temperature affected the increasing of Ni thickness that is the Ni thickness increase with the increasing electrolyte temperature. From the EDS spectrum, it can be informed that samples already contain Ni and Cu elements and NiO and CuO compounds. Addition element and compound are found for sample Cu/Ni resulted from 70 electrolyte temperature of Ni deposition, that are Pt and PtO2. From XRD pattern, there are several phases which have crystal structure i.e. Cu, Ni, and NiO, while CuO and PtO2 have amorphous structure. The sheet resistivity linearly decreases with the increasing electrolyte temperature. IntroductionIn the husbandry industry, the existence of low-temperature thermometers is needed especially on the breeding using artificial insemination (IB). For the purposes of IB to obtain the qualified cow sperm the government is still importing. During delivery and storage, the sperm is placed in a special flask containing liquid nitrogen with the temperature of -198C. As a part of the design of flask, there is a hole for liquid nitrogen to evaporate out to avoid the explosion. The problem is if the evaporation occurs continuously then the nitrogen content in the flask becomes less and the temperature increase. If the temperature inside the flask reaches the critical temperature i.e. -100C then the cow sperm will die. Therefore, a low-temperature thermometer attached to the flask is needed.Making low-temperature thermometers is not easy because it may make the equipment does not work as which should be such as freezing in the sensor so the sensor can not flow the current normally, freezing on conductor so that it can not function as a good conductor, the presence of mechanical stress, and others. These make a measurement on low-temperature need a long time compared to the measurement of medium in the room temperature [1,2]. The RTD (Resistance Temperature Detector) sensor is a sensor used to measure temperature by correlating RTD element resistance with temperature [3,4,5]. RTD elements that can be used are Platinum [6,7], Nickel [8],

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A review of cryogenic thermometry and common temperature sensors

Cited by 77 publications

References 38 publications

Thermal Therapy, Part IV: Electromagnetic and Thermal Dosimetry

Thermal Therapy, Part IV: Electromagnetic and Thermal Dosimetry

Radiation Requirements and Testing of Cryogenic Thermometers for the Ilc

Microstructure, thickness and sheet resistivity of Cu/Ni thin film produced by electroplating technique on the variation of electrolyte temperature

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