A review of Phytophthora diseases of different Mediterranean crops in Turkey1

Biçici, Mehmet; Çınar, Ahmet

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2338.1990.tb01185.x

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Katircioǧlu and S. Maden, unpublished data). In a review published in EPPO Plant Protection Bulletin, P. cambivora infection was suggested as the cause of death for 20 000 chestnut trees in Turkey (Biçici and Çinar 1990). It appears that the presence of this pathogen in Turkey was overestimated in the review, through reliance on two papers in which the identity of causal agent was not proven.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The existence of P. cambivora causing chestnut decline in this region, however, has yet to be proven. The unproven statements about the presence of P. cambivora (Akdoğan 1970) were also cited by Biçici and Çinar (1990) in their review on the Phytophthora diseases in Turkey. Recently, Çeliker and Onoğur (2009) obtained a Phytophthora isolate (K2) from soil samples collected from the base of chestnut trees showing ink disease symptoms from Simav/Kütahya, Turkey, although it was identified as P. cactorum or a P. cactorum × P. hedraiandra hybrid based on the morphological features and molecular characteristics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Involvement of Phytophthora spp. in chestnut decline in the Black Sea region of Turkey

et al. 2012

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Summary Chestnut blight caused by Cryphonectria parasitica is a serious disease of Castanea sativa in the Black Sea region of Turkey. During disease surveys, dieback and decline symptoms were observed on trees without apparent blight and ink disease symptoms. Black necroses, similar to those caused by Phytophthora infections, were noted on some of the chestnut coppices and saplings in one nursery in Ordu and led to an investigation into this disease complex. Only symptomatic plants showing dieback symptoms were investigated. Soil samples together with fine roots were collected from two directions, north and north‐east, approximately 150 cm away from the main stems. Phytophthora spp. were baited with young chestnut leaves. Three Phytophthora spp., P. cambivora, P. cinnamomi and P. plurivora, were identified from 12 soil samples collected from 73 locations, while from the nurseries, only P. cinnamomi was obtained. Phytophthora cinnamomi was the most common species, obtained from seven locations in five provinces and from four nurseries having similar symptoms mentioned above in different locations. Phytophthora cambivora and P. plurivora were less frequently obtained, from three to two stands, respectively. Phytophthora cinnamomi and P. cambivora were the most aggressive species when inoculated at the stem base on 3‐year‐old chestnut saplings, killing six saplings of eight inoculated in 2 months. The three Phytophthora species were first recorded on chestnut in Black sea region of Turkey with the limited samples investigated in a large area about 150 000 ha chestnut forest.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Involvement of Phytophthora spp. in chestnut decline in the Black Sea region of Turkey

et al. 2012

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“…Though the causal agent was reported as P. x cambivora, the identity of the pathogen was not, at that time, proven morphologically but based solely on the symptoms observed. The presence of ink disease symptoms was later on reported in the Black Sea region (Biçici & Çınar, ) and in the Bursa and İnegöl regions (Çanakçıoğlu & Eliçin, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Phytophthora species associated with dieback of sweet chestnut in Western Turkey

et al. 2019

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Sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa) is an important tree species in the Marmara and Aegean regions of Turkey as these two regions produce the great majority of edible nuts, especially those used for marron glacé production. Chestnut forests and orchards in these regions showing severe dieback symptoms not associated with chestnut blight were investigated to determine the role of Phytophthora spp. in the decline syndrome. Soil samples were collected from around 108 symptomatic chestnut trees at 29 sites and Phytophthora spp. isolated using soil baiting technique and selective medium. Species isolated were identified by cultural characteristics and ITS sequencing. Phytophthora x cambivora was the dominant species detected in 13 sites, followed by P. cinnamomi (5 sites), P. plurivora (3 sites) and P. cryptogea (1 site). Phytophthora x cambivora was present in both regions, while P. cinnamomi was found only in the Marmara region in coastal areas around Istanbul. When inoculated at the stem bases of 3‐year‐old chestnut saplings, P. cinnamomi produced significantly longer necrotic lesions (7.8–12.0 cm) than P. x cambivora (2.6–6.3 cm) by 12 days after inoculation. Phytophthora plurivora was the least aggressive species causing only small lesions. Phytophthora cryptogea, which represents the first record on chestnut in Turkey, produced intermediate sized lesions in between P. x cambivora and P. plurivora. These results indicate that P. x cambivora and in some areas P. cinnamomi play major roles in the observed dieback of sweet chestnut in western Turkey.

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“…capsici and P. citrophthora cause the greatest economic devastation on pepper and citrus plants within the Mediterranean. P. citrophthora is responsible for 15% of fruit losses per year and causes 8-30% infection on susceptible lemon cultivars (Biçici, 1990). P.capsici causes 100% drying and killing of pepper plants under poor drainage and irrigation conditions, thus affecting pepper-paste and pepper-spice productions.…”

Section: Table Of Contentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mātauranga Māori and anti-microbials: Searching for new tools to control the spread of Kauri Dieback

Ngata-Aerengamate¹

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Phytophthora are plant pathogens, well known for devastating thousands of ecologically, culturally and economically significant plant crops worldwide. In greek Phytophthora translates directly to ‘plant destroyer’. Though it is ‘fungus-like’, Phytophthora are eukaryotic oomycetes, more closely related to brown algae and diatoms. Phytophthora have three key lifecycle stages: oospores, zoospores, and mycelia. Kauri are ancient conifer species dating back to the Cretaceous period (145 mya) and are now rapidly declining due to Kauri dieback caused by Phytophthora agathidicida. P.agathadicida causes root rot in Kauri trees and was first misidentified as P. hevave on Great Barrier Island in the early 1970s. Its origin is unknown however research argues it may have evolved from P. infestans, the pathogen that caused the Irish potato famine in 1845. For Te Āo Māori, Kauri are highly regarded tīpuna (ancestors) and Kauri Dieback is alarming to many Northern Iwi. Kauri wood and resin are highly sought and economically valuable resources. The Waipoua forest is the largest Kauri forest and the most impacted by Kauri Dieback. Over 25% of Kauri in the Waitākere ranges are either infected with P. agathadicida or are symptomatic, a percentage that is steadily increasing. A rāhui (temporary ban) was placed on the Waitākere ranges by local iwi Te Kawerau a Maki in 2018 as a preventative measure to reduce movement of P. agathadicida in soil. Apart from track closures, scrubbing and spraying equipment - before and after entering the forest - is the only tool of management. Sterigene disinfectant is the only treatment to reduce the spread of Kauri Dieback. Sterigene kills zoospores, mycelia and sporangium but is ineffective against P. agathidicida oospoores. Sexually produced oospores are responsible for the long-term survival of Phytophthora as they have a thick cell wall. The first part of this thesis examines a range of commercially available disinfectants and their efficacy against P. agathidicida oospores. These results confirm that Sterigene and/or Trigene are not effective against P. agathidicida oospores. My results also show that 2% bleach, 1% Virkon, and 70% ethanol all reduce oospore viability. Napisan also reduced oospore viability, but also interacted with the viability stains, therefore further investigations are needed. Napisan is an oxygen bleach, commercially affordable and easily accessible in supermarkets. Unlike sterigene and bleach, Napisan is safe to use on clothes, wool and soft textiles. If effective against oospores and the other lifecycle stages, Napisan could be a promising solution to help reduce the spread of Kauri Dieback.

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A review of Phytophthora diseases of different Mediterranean crops in Turkey¹

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

Involvement of Phytophthora spp. in chestnut decline in the Black Sea region of Turkey

Involvement of Phytophthora spp. in chestnut decline in the Black Sea region of Turkey

Phytophthora species associated with dieback of sweet chestnut in Western Turkey

Mātauranga Māori and anti-microbials: Searching for new tools to control the spread of Kauri Dieback

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