A Review of Research on Warm-Sector Heavy Rainfall in China

Sun, Jie; Zhang, Yuanchun; Liu, Ruixin; Fu, Shenming; Tian, Fuyou

doi:10.1007/s00376-019-9021-1

Cited by 53 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…The data have a spatial resolution of approximately 2.15 km and were available every 10 min before 15 June 2016 and every 6 min afterward. We focused on the warm season (April–September) when convection and precipitation systems in South China are active and undergo subseasonal change with monsoon progress (Ding & Chan, 2005; Sun et al, 2019; Zhang et al, 2017). There are 237,542 usable radar mosaic maps out of a possible 247,440 during the 7‐year period, with a completeness rate of 96%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convection Initiation in Monsoon Coastal Areas (South China)

Bai

Chen

Huang

2020

Geophysical Research Letters

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Monsoon coasts are characterized by active convection, but the features of associated convection initiation (CI) are not well understood. An analysis of kilometer‐resolution radar observations in South China reveals a distinct dependence of CI on monsoon activity, land‐sea contrast, and coastal orography. The CI occurrence becomes highly active after the monsoon onset and extends northward in summer. Several CI hotspots appear on tropical islands, peninsulas, and windward slopes of coastal mountains. Daytime CI occurrences are concentrated on land within 100 km of the coastline. The nocturnal CI maxima are located on coastlines and in the offshore areas with adjacent mountains. CI shows an offshore propagation after midnight prior to rainfall, probably due to the convergence of land breezes or downslope winds with diurnally enhanced onshore monsoon flows. The improved understanding of CI may provide additional benefit for forecasting severe weather because CI foretells the development of full‐fledged deep convection.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convection Initiation in Monsoon Coastal Areas (South China)

Bai

Chen

Huang

2020

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…Numerous studies have suggested that the Asian summer monsoon [14], low-level jets (LLJs) [15][16][17][18], coastal topography [10,[19][20][21][22][23][24], land-sea contrasts [12], the mesoscale convergence line [19,[25][26][27][28][29], and cold pools [24,29] play important roles in the formation of warm-sector rainstorms in South China. A distinct mesoscale feature of the coastal storms producing extreme rain is the slow-moving rainband training organization [30,31], which is closely related to the convectively generated cold outflows, rear inflows inside the rainband, and boundary layer (BL) airflows from the northern SCS [22,28,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiscale Perspectives on an Extreme Warm-Sector Rainfall Event over Coastal South China

Luo

et al. 2022

Remote Sensing

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On 22 June 2017, an extreme warm-sector rainfall event hit the western coastal area of South China, with maximum hourly and 12-h rainfall accumulations of 189.4 and 464.8 mm, respectively, which broke local historical records. Multisource observations were used to reveal multiscale processes contributing to the extreme rainfall. The results showed that a marine boundary layer jet (BLJ) coupled with a synoptic low-level jet (LLJ) inland played an important role in the formation of an extremely humid environment with a very low lifting condensation level of near-surface air. Under the favorable pre-convective conditions, convection was initialized at a mesoscale convergence line, aided by topographic lifting in the evening. During the nocturnal hours, the rainstorm developed and was maintained by a quasi-stationary mesoscale outflow boundary, which continuously lifted warm, moist air transported by the enhanced BLJ. When producing the extreme rainfall rates, the storm possessed relatively weak convection, with the 40 dBZ echo top hardly reaching 6 km. The extreme rainfall was produced mainly by the warm rain microphysical processes, mainly because the humid environment and the deep warm cloud layer facilitated the clouds’ condensational growth and collision–coalescence, and also reduced rain evaporation. As the storm evolved, the raindrop concentration increased rapidly from its initial stage and remained high until its weakening stage, but the mean raindrop size changed little. The extreme rain was characterized by the highest concentration of raindrops during the storm’s lifetime with a mean size of raindrops slightly larger than the maritime regime.

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“…On May 06–07, 2017, both Huadu District and Zengcheng District (HD and ZC for short, respectively) of the coastal city of Guangzhou experienced extreme rainfall with maximum precipitation exceeding 180, 330, and 500 mm in 1‐, 3‐, and 24‐h accumulated time periods, respectively, which broke the maximum precipitation record of the region for the last 50 years and caused a serious flood disaster and economic loss (Zheng et al., 2016). Due to weak synoptic forcing, most operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) models failed to forecast this extreme warm‐sector rainfall (Sun et al., 2019). Many previous studies have been conducted on this extreme rainfall event, divided it into two time periods, which occurred in HD and ZC (Tian et al., 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Land Surface Processes on a Record‐Breaking Rainfall Event on May 06–07, 2017, in Guangzhou, China

et al. 2021

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A record‐breaking extreme rainfall event with a maximum rainfall amount over 24 h of 524.1 mm occurred in Guangzhou, China, on May 06–07, 2017. To study the impact of land surface processes on this extreme rainfall, two 21‐member convective‐permitting ensemble forecasts over South China were performed based on two land surface models (LSMs), Noah and Community Land Model (CLM), and 21 forecasting members of the Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS). The results showed that, in general, members using the Noah LSM could better simulate urban heat islands (UHIs) and urban convection than members using the CLM LSM in this case. By investigating the ensemble member that most resembled the observations, it was found that the high temperature center in the urban area caused a thermal low in the early stage. As the southerly winds strengthened, the low‐level convergence line continued moving northward and eventually triggered convection in the mountainous region. A sensitivity experiment showed that the impact of land surface heterogeneity on precipitation could be reflected on a finer scale, and heavy rainfall was very sensitive to the changes in small‐scale land surface forces, including terrain and land use. Slight variations in small‐scale land surface conditions caused great responses in the total precipitation, indicating that for the occurrence of such quasi‐stationary extreme rainfall, a subtle balance between different atmospheric and land surface factors may be required.

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A Review of Research on Warm-Sector Heavy Rainfall in China

Cited by 53 publications

References 70 publications

Convection Initiation in Monsoon Coastal Areas (South China)

Convection Initiation in Monsoon Coastal Areas (South China)

Multiscale Perspectives on an Extreme Warm-Sector Rainfall Event over Coastal South China

Impact of Land Surface Processes on a Record‐Breaking Rainfall Event on May 06–07, 2017, in Guangzhou, China

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