A review on breast cancer in Iraq and future therapies insights

Abstract

Cancer is one of the most common diseases around the world and the second leading cause of death after cardiovascular disease. Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer type among Iraqi women, as it represents the highest percentage of malignant tumors in women until 2018. Therefore, women should be aware of the aggravation of this disease, the importance of the periodic examination for early detection for breast cancer, and following the most appropriate means for the treatment to get recovered and, thus, to reduce mortality. To fight cancer, there is an urgent need to search for new effective anticancer therapies that alter the molecular biology of tumor cells, stimulate the immune system, or specifically deliver chemotherapy factors directly to cancer cells without affecting normal cells and reducing the side effects of treatments. In this context, this paper aimed to highlight the therapeutic approaches used in the current researches of breast cancer treatment. Accumulated evidence showed that medicinal plant extracts, and can serve as anticancer agents. The proposed mechanisms were discussed and presented in this review.

changes of serum irisin levels in postmenopausal breast cancer women

“…The mean±SD of Irisin levels for breast cancer women were (77.11±25.91) ng/ml and control (17.35±5.05) ng/ml respectively with highly significant increase (P≤0.01) when compared with control group as shown in table (1) and Figure (1). The level of Irisin in all stages of postmenopausal breast cancer women was (112.86±11.93) ng/ml, (87.85±10.01) ng/ml, (64.75±16.91) ng/ml, (51.38±31.99) ng/ml respectively.…”

“…Breast cancer is a disease with heterogeneous characteristics. Clinically and based on cellular markers, it can be classified into three subtypes depending on the characteristics of gene expression: ER (estrogen receptor) an/or PR (progesterone receptor), HER2+ (breasts cancer with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive), and TNBC (triplenegative breast cancer) (1,2) . About 70% of breast cancer cases are ER+ or PR+ and the HER2+ (also abbreviated as ERBB2+) can be seen in 15-20% of cases.…”

Prevalence of women breast cancer

“…Breast cancer is more prevalent in the most developed countries, although the breast cancer mortality rate is higher in the less developed countries [17]. Breast cancer is the most prevalent malignant tumor in Iraqi women and the second largest cause of death in women [18], after cardiovascular disease. Breast cancer incidence rates in Iraq remained relatively stable from 2000 to 2009; however, the most current figures from the Iraqi Cancer Registry indicate a considerable increase in incidence rates after 2009, particularly among women over 50 [19].…”

Review on Breast Cancer in Iraq Women

“…According to the "latest Iraqi Cancer Registry", breast cancer is about third of the listed female cancers in Iraq, recommended that it is responsible to cancer site among females (6,7). The incidence rate is about "100 times more than that in men", "in Iraq", rank of "breast cancer" which initial among the malignant tumors as well as considered the latter major reason of mortality after cardiovascular diseases (8). The "table 1 illustrates that the incidence rate of breast cancer was highest the 10 highly frequent cancers tops in Iraq" (9).…”