A review on wound dressings with an emphasis on electrospun nanofibrous polymeric bandages

Abstract

Wound dressings have experienced continuous and significant changes since the ancient times. The development starts with the use of natural materials to simply cover the wounds to the materials of the present time that could be specially made to exhibit various extraordinary functions. The modern bandage materials made of electrospun biopolymers contain various active compounds that are beneficial to the healing of wounds. These materials are fibrous in nature, with the size of fibers segments ranging from tens of nanometers to micrometers. With the right choices of biopolymers used for these fibrous materials, they could enhance the healing of wounds significantly compared with the conventional fibrous dressing materials, such as gauze. These bandages could be made such that they contain bioactive ingredients, such as antimicrobial, antibacterial, and antiinflammatory agents, which could be released to the wounds enhancing their healing. In an active wound dressing (AWD), the main purpose is to control the biochemical states of a wound in order to aid its healing process. This review provides an overview of different types of wounds, effective parameters in wound healing and different types of wound dressing materials with a special emphasis paid to those prepared by electrospinning.

Alginate–lavender nanofibers with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity to effectively promote burn healing

“…3 Among these, alginate-based dressings are attractive for their capability to release bioactive compounds and to maintain a moist environment around the wound, promoting tissue granulation and re-epithelialization. [4][5][6][7][8] Typically they are available in form of freeze-dried foams or non-woven microfibers, though great research interest is nowadays devoted towards nanofibrous matrices. In particular, nanofibers produced by electrostatic spinning have high potentiality in the wound healing field because their porosity promotes nutrient transport and gas permeation, their morphological organization mimics the native tissue, and their mechanical properties can be engineered.…”

“…In particular, nanofibers produced by electrostatic spinning have high potentiality in the wound healing field because their porosity promotes nutrient transport and gas permeation, their morphological organization mimics the native tissue, and their mechanical properties can be engineered. 5,[9][10][11] The intrinsic high surface area of nanofibers is also attractive for the delivery of drugs and active agents. 2,12 Alginate structures cross-linked with Calcium ions (Ca 2+ ) are mainly used for the treatment of highly exuding wounds and burns.…”

“…2,12 Alginate structures cross-linked with Calcium ions (Ca 2+ ) are mainly used for the treatment of highly exuding wounds and burns. 5,13,14 For instance, the haemostatic activity of dry Caalginate felts has been utilized for minimizing blood loss after the excision of deep burns to hands. 15 It has been also demonstrated that films of this polysaccharide and chitosan in combination with laser therapy help the epithelization and vascularization of dermal burns.…”

Development and Characterisation of Chitosan/Pva Nano Fiber for Hemorrhage Control Dressing

“…PVA/Chitosan wound dressings have high moisture vapor transmission property, good antimicrobial activity and do not have any cytotoxicity effects 7 . Nano fibrous membranes are highly soft materials with high surface-to-volume ratios, and therefore can serve as excellent carriers for therapeutic agents or accelerate wound healing 8 . The high moisture absorption and anti-bacterial effects of fibres from zinc or copper alginate will allow the production of a new generation of dressing materials 9 .…”

Comparative Study of Morphometric and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Analyses of the Collagen Fibers in the Repair Process of Cutaneous Lesions

“…An ideal dressing is able to ensure optimal healing principles. [12][13][14] There is a wide variety of industrialized dressings, each one suitable for a different type of skin wound. 12,13,15 Among these dressings, the semipermeable film stands out.…”