A role forAmanita muscaria L. in the circulation of cadmium and vanadium in a non-polluted woodland

Abstract

The sporophore of the fungusAmanita muscaria L. contains greatiy elevated levels of cadmium (29.9 μg g(-1) dwt) and vanadium (344.9 μg g(-1) dwt) in comparison with the soil in a birch woodland (total (HNO3-extractabie Cd 0.4 μg g(-1) dwt, V 11.7 μg g(-1) dwt). The significance of this remarkable concentration of normally rare and dispersed elements in terms of their circulation in the woodland has been investigated. Both elements are released from sporophore tissue in a form which can be taken up by a test plant (lettuce), cultivated in the woodland soil amended with different quantities of sporophore tissue, Cadmium levels in all plant tissues were elevated in comparison to the non-amended controls; only root vanadium levels responded to the amendment of the soil. The results are discussed in terms of their significance for the natural cycling of both elements. It is calculated that an abundant population of sporophores could circulate 1.4% of the total cadmium and 0.65% of the total vanadium pool found in the litter layer and 0-5 cm soil horizon in the sampled woodland over a period of 14 days (mean life span of a sporophore).

Macro and trace mineral constituents and radionuclides in mushrooms: health benefits and risks

“…Mushrooms can capture 137 Cs from the surface of soils and decaying litter and from deeper soil layers, and this is related to fungal biology and placement of mycelium and depth and structure of soil layers. Fungi certainly are involved in biogeocycling of 137 Cs and by decaying fruit bodies—like in the case of other mineral elements, fungus can recycle 137 Cs from deeper soil layers back to the surface of forest carpet (Lepp et al 1987; Smits and Hoffland 2009; Gryndler et al 2012). More or less severe cases of mushroom contamination with artificial radionuclides have been reported at sites or regions of nuclear weapons testing and nuclear power plant failure (Taira et al 2011).…”

Genome-wide inventory of metal homeostasis-related gene products including a functional phytochelatin synthase in the hypogeous mycorrhizal fungus Tuber melanosporum

“…Both extracellular and intracellular metal tolerance mechanisms have been described in mycorrhizal fungi, together with antioxidant defense systems aimed to counteract reactive oxygen species (ROS) directly or indirectly generated by metal ions (Bellion et al, 2006;Morel et al, 2008). Some mycorrhizal fungi have been shown to be capable of accumulating toxic metals such as Cd even in soils where these metals are only present in trace amounts (Berthelsen et al, 1995;Byrne et al, 1976;Lepp et al, 1987). Other studies have reported a reduced translocation of metal ions to the shoots of mycorrhized plants, leading, for example, to an increased tolerance toward zinc in Betula spp.…”

TraceeElements in Leccinum scabrum mushrooms and topsoils from Kłodzka Dale in Sudety Mountains, Poland

“…Fungi and including mushrooms take important role in metallic elements and metalloids turnover in the ecosystems (Lepp et al 1987;Falandysz and Borovička 2013). Numerous wild grown mushrooms are important as food resources to many local populations worldwide and they are also attractive and collected by fanciers and for commercial purchase in many countries (Aloupi et al 2011;Liu et al 2012;Nnorom et al 2012Nnorom et al , 2103Yağız et al 2008;Zhang et al 2008Zhang et al , 2010.…”