A Structural Equation Modelling on the Factors Affecting Intolerance of Uncertainty and Worry Among a Select Group of Filipino Elderly

Abstract

Across the literature, the interest in the phenomenon of intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and worry has increased exponentially. However, limited empirical studies exist about the factors that affect IU and worry among older people. The purpose of the study was to examine the impact of spirituality, selfefficacy, and knowledge about aging on IU and worry. A total of 219 Filipino elderly were recruited from institutionalized and hospital care settings. A multiaspect questionnaire was utilized to measure spirituality, self-efficacy, knowledge, intolerance uncertainty, and worry. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to explore the dimensions of IU and worry. Moreover, structural equation modelling was used to test the hypothesized model. Results of EFA identified four factor dimensions of uncertainty, namely: perfection-driven uncertainty, apprehension-driven uncertainty, avoidance-driven uncertainty, negativism-driven uncertainty. Further, three factor dimensions of worry were also distinguished: constant worriers, obsessive-compulsive worriers, and happy-go-lucky worriers. Moreover, results of structural equation modeling (SEM) showed interaction among the variables presented. Additionally, spirituality showed a positive effect on self-efficacy. However, self-efficacy does not have an effect on IU and worry. Nevertheless, an emerging path between knowledge and IU supported the claim of Nuevo, Wetherell, Montorio, Ruiz, and Cabrera (2009). The study was able to determine the positive effect of spirituality to self-efficacy and its existing correlation with knowledge about aging in relation to elderly's IU and worry. The emerging model can serve as a reference for nurses to address the sociopsychological needs of the geriatric clients employing spirituality and psychiatric nursing.Intolerance of uncertainty is defined as a cognitive bias that affects how a person perceives, interprets, and responds to uncertain situations on a cognitive, emotional, and behavioral level

Exploring the Roles of Daily Spiritual Experiences, Self-Efficacy, and Gender in Shopping Addiction: A Moderated Mediation Model

“…Spirituality helps individuals understand and create positive meanings from unpleasant situations or chronic diseases (Treloar 2002). It gives people inner strength and provides spiritual guidance when facing stressful situations and uncertainties of life (de Guzman et al 2015). Spirituality also plays an important role as a coping strategy, reduces stress, and gives comfort (Druedahl et al 2018;Frouzandeh et al 2015).…”

The Roles of Spiritual Well-being and Tolerance of Uncertainty in Prediction of Happiness in Elderly

“…In addition, a few studies found significant associations between spirituality wellbeing, ambiguity intolerance, and happiness in elderly (Argyle & Hills, 2000;Boonroungrut & Worakul, 2009;de Guzman, Lacao & Larracas, 2015;Gomez & Fisher, 2003). According to aforesaid theories in spirituality well-being (Fisher, 2000(Fisher, , 1998Fisher et al, 2000;Laubmeier et al, 2004), uncertainty intolerance (Anderson et al, 2019;Buhr & Dugas, 2009;de Guzman et al, 2015;Nuevo et al, 2009) and happiness (Veenhoven, 2012, Diener, 2006Diener et al 1999); this study suggests that spirituality well-being and uncertainty tolerance can help individuals to experience more happiness in elderly. This study is essential because there is a discontinuity in the literature regarding the concurrent potential roles of spirituality well-being and uncertainty tolerance with the moderating influence of gender in prediction of happiness, particularly in elderly.…”

“…Altogether, the current literature in the field of spirituality well-being is considered the possible role of this construct in progress of psychological well-being such as happiness in elderly (Kirby et al, 2004;Perinotti-Molinatti, 2005;Piderman et al, 2011;Vosloo et al, 2009). In addition, a few studies found significant associations between spirituality wellbeing, ambiguity intolerance, and happiness in elderly (Argyle & Hills, 2000;Boonroungrut & Worakul, 2009;de Guzman, Lacao & Larracas, 2015;Gomez & Fisher, 2003). According to aforesaid theories in spirituality well-being (Fisher, 2000(Fisher, , 1998Fisher et al, 2000;Laubmeier et al, 2004), uncertainty intolerance (Anderson et al, 2019;Buhr & Dugas, 2009;de Guzman et al, 2015;Nuevo et al, 2009) and happiness (Veenhoven, 2012, Diener, 2006Diener et al 1999); this study suggests that spirituality well-being and uncertainty tolerance can help individuals to experience more happiness in elderly.…”

“…Research indicated that gender is not influential in tolerating uncertainty in the elderly (Nuevo et al, 2009). A new trend of investigations emerged about the relationship of spirituality with intolerance of ambiguity and happiness in the elderly (Boonroungrut & Worakul, 2009;de Guzman et al, 2015).…”

Envelhecimento saudável e autoeficácia do idoso: revisão sistemática

“…Bem como, no estudo de Guzman et al (2015) em que a espiritualidade demonstrou ser preditiva na avaliação da autoeficácia geral percebida entre os idosos participantes. O que pode ser relacionado ao componente mediador "persuasão social" conforme a descrição de Bandura (1994).…”