A Study on the Perceptual Relationship between Overtime and Output at Private Universities

Abstract

The overtime is an extra effort to ensure that the job or duty is completed. In private universities, overtime is needed to cover all hours of the courses and this may affect in a good or bad way on the lecture "depending on the number of extra hours". This research highlights the importance of overtime and how it affects the performance of private universities. The (SPSS) program has been used to analyze the data. 34 questionnaire papers were obtained out of 40 have been distributed on employees at Knowledge University. The study found that there is a strong relationship between employees' Productivity and factors (Wages, Environment and Health, Job content and IT skill). Moreover, there is a weak relationship between Employees' Productivity and factors (Work Arrangement, Stress–Satisfaction).

Knowledge Sharing among Academic Staff in the Higher Education Institution

“…PBC specifically influences the intention, and in situations, where the purpose is kept stable, by getting greater PBC, a person will be able to perform effectively in a behavior. Real sharing is likely to be executed by researchers when services are available, and circumstances are encouraged (Karem et al, 2019;Mahmood et al, 2019;Massoudi, 2020;Raewf and Thabit, 2015;Thabit and Raewf, 2017). It will be a real influence of their actions and have no issues implementing it to get the confidence and notion that I can do this without any barrier.…”

“…Several researchers have identified ATT as the "cognitive views" of the employee concerning the implications of undertaking the conduct, whereas the SN is formed by "normative views" for the probability of the strength of the referents to encourage or prevent the specific behavior (Jasim and Raewf, 2020;Liebowitz, 2007;Zhang and Ng, 2012). Universities are expected to be the big generator of information and knowledge, so they need to engage vigorously in KS that can enhance the performance of education and research in terms of their significance to the community, thus contributing to improved economic growth (Alhawary and Assistance, 2017;Mahmood et al, 2019). In educational institutions, management is challenged by how to encourage scholars to share their knowledge.…”

“…In developing countries, most of the prior studies conducted in Malaysia (Cheng et al, 2009;Fauzi et al, 2018;Fauzi et al, 2019;Rahman et al, 2015). Meanwhile, limited studies were conducted in Middle East countries (Al-Delawi and Ramo, 2020;Al Delawi, 2019;Alhawary and Assistance, 2017;Mahmood et al, 2019;Massoudi, 2020), particularly among academic staff in the Iraqi setting (Massoudi and Hamdi, 2019;Mousa et al, 2019). The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of ATT, SN, and PBC on KS among academic staff at private universities in Erbil.…”

Factors Impacting Research Productivity of Academic Staff at the Iraqi Higher Education system

“…Most countries concentrate on public transparency for government funding for research activities and tend to use objective performance metrics for the allocation of funds (Butler, 2004). For that reason, the number of publications and grants awarded is related to increased funding applications and academic development, including staff promotion (Akl et al, 2012;Mahmood, Raewf, & Hamadany, 2019). Another factor proposed by this study that influence research productivity is Information and Communication Technology (ICT), which refers to the adoption of technology by academic staff to help them access databases smoothly and communicate with other academic staff inside the country or with co-authors from different countries.…”

The Role of Transformational and Transactional Leadership as Predictors of Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Education System

“…For example, TFL has a positive impact on OCBs (Lee and Low, 2016;Nguni et al, 2006), while TFL had insignificant impact on OCBs (Dai et al, 2013). Further, TAL has a positive impact on OCBs (Ali et al, 2014;Mekpor and Dartey-Baah, 2017;Nguni et al, 2006) and non-significant impact with Al-Duhaidahawi et al, 2020;Jameel et al, 2021;Lian and Tui, 2012;and Mahmood et al, 2019. OCBs are a dilemma which has received growing attention in the school sector (Abu Nasra and Arar, 2020;Dartey-Baah and Addo, 2019). The impact on OCBs has been examined in several studies in the Western environment.…”