A tutorial of wind turbine control for supporting grid frequency through active power control

Abstract

Abstract-As wind energy becomes a larger portion of the world's energy portfolio and wind turbines become larger and more expensive, wind turbine control systems play an ever more prominent role in the design and deployment of wind turbines. The goals of traditional wind turbine control systems are maximizing energy production while protecting the wind turbine components. As more wind generation is installed there is an increasing interest in wind turbines actively controlling their power output in order to meet power setpoints and to participate in frequency regulation for the utility grid. This capability will be beneficial for grid operators, as it seems possible that wind turbines can be more effective at providing some of these services than traditional power plants. Furthermore, establishing an ancillary market for such regulation can be beneficial for wind plant owner/operators and manufacturers that provide such services. In this tutorial paper we provide an overview of basic wind turbine control systems and highlight recent industry trends and research in wind turbine control systems for grid integration and frequency stability.

Performance enhancement of downstream vertical-axis wind turbines

“…5 Moreover, by decreasing the power output of upstream turbines, the performance of downstream turbines and the power output of the array as a whole can be increased. [6][7][8] While these techniques can improve the energy produced by HAWT arrays, vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) have been shown to facilitate additional strategies for performance a) Electronic mail: brownstein@stanford.edu enhancement due to their performance in close proximity. It has been predicted that VAWTs could produce over an order of magnitude more power per unit area of land than HAWTs due in part to the close-spacing effects, despite individual turbine efficiencies that are 20%-30% lower than HAWTs.…”

Wind power impact on power system frequency response

“…One report by NREL, [44], presents how wind farms can contribute to diminish the frequency deviation imitating the behaviour of the rotational energy response of synchronous generators. It is suggested a correct tuning of recovery droop controllers to avoid frequency extent drops or frequency overtime responses.…”

Optimal Reactive Power for Voltage Stability in Distribution Systems Connected Wind Turbine Farm using Particle Swarm Optimization

“…This test system of the wind farm is doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) which its layout and component of Gamesa type G114-2.0 MW are shown in Fig. 2 (8) .…”