“…The brain possesses a local angiotensin system (Gendron et al, 2003;McKinley et al, 2003;Pan, 2004;Rodriguez-Pallares et al, 2004), and the results of previous studies have suggested that AII and its receptors play an important role in modulating striatal dopamine (DA) levels. Both AII and AII receptors as well as angiotensinogen and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) have been observed in the striatum (Quinlan and Phillips, 1981;Brownfield et al, 1982;Chai et al, 1987;Allen et al, 1992Allen et al, , 1998, and AII stimulates the release of newly synthesized DA via angiotensin type 1 receptors (AT 1 ) located in the striatal DA terminals (Mendelsohn et al, 1993;Brown et al, 1996;Ge and Barnes 1996). However, it has recently been shown that in several cell types, including neurons, reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in the signaling of AII via AT 1 receptors.…”