Acaricidal Properties of a Chenopodium-Based Botanical

Abstract

The emulsifiable concentrate UDA-245 [25% EC (vol:vol)], based on an essential oil extract from Chenopodium ambrosioides variety ambrosioides, a North American herbaceous plant, was compared with commercially available pesticides for their effectiveness to control the adult stage and egg hatch of the twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) and the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae). After a laboratory bioassay with adult twospotted spider mites, a 0.5% concentration of UDA-245 was more effective than 0.7% (AI) of neem oil (Neem Rose Defense). After a similar bioassay with the European red mite, a 0.5% concentration UDA-245 was as effective as 0.006% (AI) of abamectin (Avid). UDA-245 at 0.5% significantly reduced egg hatch of the twospotted spider mite, 5 and 9 d after treatment and of the European red mite 6 d after treatment. Egg hatch was significantly lower using 0.006% (AI) of abamectin, 0.7% of neem oil, and 1.0% insecticidal soap than UDA-245. Residual tests indicated that UDA-245 may be persistent in the environment only for a few hours. Only 23% mortality was noted when mites were introduced on bean leaves 1 h after treatment with a 2% concentration of UDA-245. At the recommended dose of 0.5%, UDA-245 was not considered phytotoxic for most plants tested, i.e., lettuce, roses, and tomatoes. Results suggest that a greenhouse integrated pest management program using UDA-245 could effectively and selectively control mite infestations by treating "hot spots" with negligible effect on biological control agents when treating before introduction or when natural enemies are absent.

<b>Essential oil from <i>Chenopodium ambrosioides</i> L.: secretory structures, antibacterial and antioxidant activities

“…Studies report that the essential oil obtained from this species has antihelmintic activity (particularly against Ascaris lumbricoides), antifungal activity (Prasad, Shukla, Kumar, & Dubey, 2010), activity against Leishmanial (Monzote, García, Montalvo, Linares & Scull, 2009;Monzote, Nance, García, Scull & Setzer, 2011) and acaricide activity (Chiasson, Bostanian, & Vincent, 2004). In the present study, the essential oil from Chenopodium ambrosioides was extracted to determine the secretory structures and to evaluate the biological potential as an antioxidant and antibacterial agent.…”

Chemical composition and antifungal activity of the hexane extract of the Brazilian Chenopodium ambrosioides L.

“…Because of its pungent flavor, it is traditionally used to season beans and other South American dishes. Its extract and essential oil (EO) are known to have medicinal, [11][12][13][14] acaricidal 15,16 and insecticidal [17][18][19] properties but there are only few reports on its antifungal properties. [20][21][22][23] Although a low fungal activity of dichloromethane extracts of epazote was reported, 22,23 neither its chemical composition nor the principal fungitoxic component were reported.…”

Efficacy of Botanical and Mineral Oils on Willamette Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae)

“…and 97.1% mortality, respectively (Chaisson et al, 2004). In my laboratory study, Ecotrol® at 0.5% was equivalent to 600 ppm and Ecotrol® at 1.0% was equivalent to 1200 ppm.…”

“…These oils may operate through more than one mode of action due to the diversity of terpenes and terpenoids (or other secondary compounds) in each plant extraction (Chaisson et al, 2004). Essential oils are generally active on a broad spectrum of arthropods, but the toxicity of individual compounds may be specific to a narrower range or the interaction between an arthropod and the chemical constituent (Isman, 2000).…”

“…For B. tabaci, mortality was 100% at 120 hours at 2 µl/l for all essential oils. Epazote (Chenopodium ambrosioides L.) essential oils have also been found to be effective against T. urticae (Chaisson et al, 2004). An emulsifiable concentrate UDA-245 with 25% C. ambrosioides essential oil extract (at 0.5%), had a 97.5% mortality on adult T. urticae (Chaisson et al, 2004).…”