Accurate determination of the deadtime and recovery characteristics of Geiger-Muller counters

Costrell, Louis

doi:10.6028/jres.042.020

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…During this time, the SNSPD starts being able to detect another photon, albeit with limited efficiency. The DE increases with time until the entire current flows again through the SNSPD only and the system is ready to detect another photon, exactly as it was ready to detect the first one . Following Migdal et al., the first step, at which no second photon can be detected at all, is called dead time ( t dead ), while the second step, at which the DE is gradually recovered is called reset time ( t reset ).…”

Section: Intrinsic Properties and Functionalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Superconducting Nanowires for Single‐Photon Detection: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities

2019

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Single-photon detectors and nanoscale superconducting devices are two major candidates for realizing quantum technologies. Superconducting-nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) comprise these two solid-state and optic aspects enabling high-rate (1.3 Gb s −1 ) quantum key distribution over long distances (>400 km), long-range quantum communication (>1200 km), as well as space communication (239 000 miles). The attractiveness of SNSPDs stems from competitive performance in the four single-photon relevant characteristics at wavelengths ranges from UV to the mid-IR: high detection efficiency, low false-signal rate, low uncertainty in photon time arrival, and fast reset time. However, to date, these characteristics cannot be optimized simultaneously. In this review, the mechanisms that govern these four characteristics are presented, and it is demonstrated how they are affected by material properties and device design as well as by the operating conditions, allowing aware optimization of SNSPDs. Based on the evolution in the existing literature and state of the art, it is proposed how to choose or design the material and device for optimizing SNSPD performance, while possible future opportunities in the SNSPD technology are also highlighted.

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Section: Intrinsic Properties and Functionalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Superconducting Nanowires for Single‐Photon Detection: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities

2019

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“…The name references included here are primarily those who were indirectly or marginally associated with these activities. America) actions, 108 Ernst resolution (1932), 115 Erskine resolution (1928), 113 physics, 328 Physics Committee Report (8-52), 331 refresher courses, 327 safety recommendations (1927), [109][110][111][112] Standardization Committee, SC/RSNA, ,* 108 technical program, 328 papers submitted, 328-331 Rutherford (unit), 273,275 resolution, 275 S safety recommendation (U.S.) ARRS (1922), 4 RSNA (1927), [109][110][111] (see also, protection, reference, Taylor, 1979) scattered radiation measurement, 17 SC/RSNA (Standardization Committee, RSNA) (see also, Appendix A) approach NBS, 11 defines roentgen, 9, 60 definition of x-ray intensity, 112 electron equilibrium, 61 standard air ionization chamber, 61, 112 initial meeting (1925), 8 Lauritsen proposals, 62-63 meeting , 272-273 meeting (9-47), 273 program, 273 report, 274 meeting (12-47), 276 relations with CRUSP, 276 membership, 115 1928 An account of the initial U.S. concerns with, and subsequent efforts to cope with, the safe use of ionizing radiation is given.…”

Section: Theoretical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-Ray measurements and protection, 1913-1964

Taylor¹,

Tilley²

1981

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“…It is worth addressing that these traditional models have been applied commonly in radiation detection measurements 16 . Previous studies 6,17,18 have shown that true deadtime behavior falls somewhere between the idealized models.…”

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confidence: 98%

Simultaneous experimental evaluation of pulse shape and deadtime phenomenon of GM detector

Almutairi

Alam

Goodwin³

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Analysis of several pulse shape properties generated by a Geiger Mueller (GM) detector and its dependence on applied voltage was performed. The two-source method was utilized to measure deadtime while simultaneously capturing pulse shape parameters on an oscilloscope. A wide range of operating voltages (600–1200 V) beyond the recommended operating voltage of 900 V was investigated using three radioactive sources (204Tl, 137Cs, 22Na). This study investigates the relationship between operating voltage, pulse shape properties, and deadtime of the detector. Based on the data, it is found that deadtime decreases with increasing voltage from 600 to 650 V. At these low voltages (600–650 V), the collection time was long, allowing sufficient time for some recombination to take place. Increasing the voltage in this range decreased the collection time, and hence deadtime decreased. It is also observed that rise and fall time were at their highest at these applied voltages. Increasing the voltage further would result in gas multiplication, where deadtime and pulse width are observed to be increasing. After reaching the maximum point of deadtime (~ 250 µs at ~ 700 V), deadtime started to exponentially decrease until a plateau was reached. In this region, it is observed that detector deadtime and operating voltage show a strong correlation with positive pulse width, rise and fall time, cycle mean, and area. Therefore, this study confirms a correlation between detector deadtime, operating voltage, and pulse shape properties. The results will validate our hypothesis that deadtime phenomena at different operating voltages are phenomenologically different.

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Accurate determination of the deadtime and recovery characteristics of Geiger-Muller counters

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Superconducting Nanowires for Single‐Photon Detection: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities

Superconducting Nanowires for Single‐Photon Detection: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities

X-Ray measurements and protection, 1913-1964

Simultaneous experimental evaluation of pulse shape and deadtime phenomenon of GM detector

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