Active tuning of near-infrared electromagnetic responses in the graphene/silicon hybrid nanohole arrays by electrical control

Wang, Hong; Zhou, Ji; Song, Duofu

doi:10.1103/physrevb.105.035407

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In order to go deeper into the intrinsic mechanism of the TD resonance from the theoretical aspect, the volumetric current density distribution was extracted from the simulation results to calculate the power of the five strongest multipoles. Their contributions were quantified through multipole scattering theory [49][50][51]. For normal incidence of terahertz waves, the magnetic dipole (MZ) is parallel to the Z-axis, the electric dipole (Ex) is parallel to the X-axis, and the TD (Tx) is parallel to the X-axis, and at the same time the magnetic quadrupole (Qm) and the electric quadrupole (Qe) are generated, which can be calculated as five vectors by equations (2)-( 6), respectively:…”

Section: Analysis and Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study on the electromagnetic mechanism of a flexible terahertz toroidal dipole metasurfaces

Wang,

Huang,

et al. 2024

Mater. Res. Express

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We have designed and fabricated metasurfaces structures generated toroidal dipole phenomenon by fabricating periodic metal pattern on polyimide substrate. The metasurfaces structure consists of two symmetric split rings along the Y-axis.The impact of structural parameters, gap, and SR, on the electromagnetic characteristics of metasurfaces at terahertz frequencies was investigated. An increase in gap results in a blue shift phenomenon in the amplitude transmission spectrum, while an increase in SR leads to a red shift phenomenon in the amplitude transmission spectrum.The intrinsic mechanism of the toroidal resonance is investigated more deeply by calculating the multipole scattering power and Q-factor. Q-factor values of 2.3 and 9.5 were obtained at low and high frequencies, respectively. Terahertz toroidal dipole metasurfaces made on flexible substrates like this have the potential for applications in terahertz functional devices, such as sensors and tuners.

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Section: Analysis and Discussion Of Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study on the electromagnetic mechanism of a flexible terahertz toroidal dipole metasurfaces

Wang,

Huang,

et al. 2024

Mater. Res. Express

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“…It is known that modes 1, 3 and 8 are quasi-BICs and mode 2 is toroidal Fano resonance. These resonances exhibit high energy confinement and high Q-factor; therefore, quasi-BIC resonances lead to enhanced graphene-light interaction [69]. It is possible to achieve switching of the quasi-BIC modes through graphene's Fermi potential.…”

Section: Tunability and Switchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multispectral tunable symmetry-protected bound states in the continuum in all-dielectric split-ring resonator metasurfaces

Sharma

Lahiri

Varshney

2023

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Symmetry incompatible bound states in the continuum (BICs) are the non-radiating states that remain decoupled from the radiation continuum due to the symmetry mismatch. However, it has always been challenging to observe multiple symmetry-protected BICs in single resonator dielectric metasurfaces. This work reports multiple symmetry-protected BICs for both linear polarizations in all-dielectric metasurfaces made up of split-ring resonators (SRRs). Intensive numerical simulations predict that SRR can support a high-quality factor (Q) of 106 for standalone and with substrate in presence of asymmetry. However, for a realistic and practical scenario, a Q-factor of ∼ 8000 for standalone structures is achieved, which reduces by a factor of 1.25 in the presence of silica substrate. Even if the out-of-plane asymmetry is introduced either in the geometry or variation in the angle of incidence, BICs are transformed into quasi-BICs possessing Fano resonance. Eigenmode and multipole decomposition analysis confirm multiple BIC resonances; notable dominant contributions are from magnetic dipole, toroidal dipole, and electric and magnetic quadrupole. Integrating monolayer graphene adds tunability to the metasurface, where distinct quasi-BIC modes can be employed to facilitate an excellent switching.

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“…Then, a modulation depth of ~11 dB and a dynamic modulation speed of >1 MHz are obtained. Meanwhile, a graphene-based spatial light modulator was also obtained by using graphene/silicon nanohole array with a high modulation depth of >10 dB [57].…”

Section: Free-space Optical Modulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The performance parameters of the abovementioned free-space modulators are shown in Table 3. One can find that the modulation bandwidths of demonstrated devices would be lower than 1 MHz, if a top electrolyte gating with ion-gel is used [53,54,56,57]. However, their intrinsic bandwidths should be >1 GHz as the midinfrared graphene-based modulator [92].…”

Section: Free-space Optical Modulatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in graphene-based optical modulators on silicon photonics platform

Qiu¹,

Zeng²,

Su³

2022

NSO

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Graphene is a 2D material which has attracted tremendous interest from academia and industry, due to its attractive electrical and optical properties. By integrating graphene onto silicon photonics platform, various high-performance electrooptic and thermo-optic modulators have been demonstrated. In this paper, such graphene-based optical modulators are reviewed. The concept and principle of optical modulations are firstly analyzed and then an overview of the developing trends of optical modulators is presented. Meanwhile, the performances of graphene-based optical modulators, including power consumptions and speeds of electro-optic modulators as well as tuning efficiencies of thermo-optic modulators, are then evaluated and discussed in detail. All these optical modulators would play important roles in a wide range of applications including telecom, interconnects, computing, quantum information processing, and beam steering.

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Active tuning of near-infrared electromagnetic responses in the graphene/silicon hybrid nanohole arrays by electrical control

Cited by 8 publications

References 45 publications

A study on the electromagnetic mechanism of a flexible terahertz toroidal dipole metasurfaces

A study on the electromagnetic mechanism of a flexible terahertz toroidal dipole metasurfaces

Multispectral tunable symmetry-protected bound states in the continuum in all-dielectric split-ring resonator metasurfaces

Recent progress in graphene-based optical modulators on silicon photonics platform

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