Abstract-Multi-modal optimization (MMO) aiming to locate multiple optimal (or near-optimal) solutions in a single simulation is an important topic which has practical relevance in problem solving across many fields. Population-based meta-heuristics have been shown particularly effective in solving MMO prolems, if equipped with specifically-designed diversity-preserving mechanisms, commonly known as niching methods. This paper provides an updated survey on niching methods. The paper first revisits the fundamental concepts about niching and its most representative schemes, then reviews the more recent development of niching methods, including novel and hybrid methods, performance measures, and benchmarks for their assessment. Furthermore, the paper surveys previous attempts on leveraging the capabilities of niching to facilitate various optimization (e.g., multi-objective and dynamic optimization) and machine learning (e.g., clustering, feature selection, and learning ensembles) tasks. A list of successful applications of niching methods to real-world problems is provided to demonstrate that niching methods are able to provide solutions that are difficult for conventional optimization methods to offer. The significant practical value of niching methods is clearly exemplified through these applications. Finally, the paper poses challenges and research questions on niching that are yet to be appropriately addressed. Providing answers to these questions is crucial before we can bring more fruitful benefits of niching to real-world problem solving.