Adipose-Derived Cells

Abstract

Heart failure is by far the most common cause of hospitalization in Western countries, with onerous economic consequences. Cell therapy holds great promise for use in tissue regeneration and is increasingly used in an effort to improve outcomes in cardiac disease. Recently it has been shown that adipose tissue, in addition to committed adipogenic, endothelial progenitor cells and pluripotent vascular progenitor cells, also contains multipotent cell types (adipose-derived stem cells, ADSCs) that, in cell culture conditions, have shown to have an impressive developmental plasticity including the ability to undergo multilineage differentiation and self-renewal. ADSCs express multiple CD marker antigens similar to those observed on MSCs and are also capable of secreting a large number of angiogenesis-related cytokines, including vascular endothelial growth factor, granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor, stromal-derived factor-1α, and hepatocyte growth factor. Adipose tissue can be harvested in large quantities with minimal morbidity in several regions of the body and, on average, 100 ml of human adipose tissue yields about 1 × 10 6 stem cells. Studies conducted in porcine AMI models have shown a significant LV functional improvement, with no report of any potentially fatal arrhythmias. The APOLLO trial, a prospective, double blind, randomized, placebocontrolled trial currently in the recruiting phase, is a "first-in-man" study that explores the safety and feasibility of ADSC transplantation in patients with acute MI.

Isolation, Characterization, and Differentiation Potential of Canine Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

“…At pasminimal morbidity in several regions of the body and, on average, 100 ml of human adipose tissue yields about sage 4, cASCs show a fibroblast-like morphology commonly found in mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs). The 1 × 10 6 stem cells (14). In dogs, the adipose tissue can be collected by a simple adapted liposuction surgery, analysis of the cell surface markers showed that the cASCs cell population expresses the known immnophethrough biopsies or in routine veterinary surgery procedures because we could isolate cASCs from just 100 µl notype of MSCs (35).…”

Human Perivascular Stem Cell-Based Bone Graft Substitute Induces Rat Spinal Fusion

“…Adipose-derived stem cells demonstrate clear advantages over BMSCs in availability, yet in vitro cell culture increases the risk of immunogenicity, genetic instability, and infection [16][17][18][19][20][21]. To circumvent these risks, interest has risen in the use of the noncultured stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of adipose tissue among such companies as IntelliCell (New York, NY, http:// www.intellicellbiosciences.com) and Cytori Therapeutics, Inc. (San Diego, CA, http://www.cytori.…”

Adipose Derived Tissue Engineered Heart Valve

“…Further studies substantiated the therapeutic potential of ADSC by transplanting them in a setting of chronic heart failure [41] or Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI). After cell transplantation into the myocardial scar tissue in rabbit and porcine models, ADSC formed cardiac islands and vessel-like structures, induced angiogenesis and improved cardiac function with no report of potentially severe arrhythmias [42,43]. The APOLLO trial, a "firstin-man", prospective, double blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial, demonstrated the safety and feasibility of ADSC transplantation in patients with acute myocardial infarction [43].…”