Advanced Imaging Methods

Abstract

Recent developments in imaging sciences have enabled dental researchers to visualize structural and biophysical changes effectively. New approaches for intra-oral radiography allow investigators to conduct densitometric assessments of dento-alveolar structures. Longitudinal changes in alveolar bone can be studied by computer-assisted image analysis programs. These techniques have been applied to dimensional analysis of the alveolar crest, detection of gain or loss of alveolar bone density, peri-implant bone healing, and caries detection. Dental applications of computed tomography (CT) include the detailed radiologic anatomy of alveolar processes, orofacial soft tissues and air spaces, and developmental defects. Image analysis software permits bone mass mineralization to be quantified by means of CT data. CT has also been used to study salivary gland disease, injuries of the facial skeleton, and dental implant treatment planning. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used extensively in retrospective and prospective studies of internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint. Assessments based on MRI imaging of the salivary glands, paranasal sinuses, and cerebrovascular disease have also been reported. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has been applied to the study of skeletal muscle, tumors, and to monitor the healing of grafts. Nuclear imaging provides a sensitive technique for early detection of physiological changes in soft tissue and bone. It has been used in studies of periodontitis, osteomyelitis, oral and maxillofacial tumors, stress fractures, bone healing, temporomandibular joint, and blood flow. This article includes brief descriptions of the technical principles of each imaging modality, reviews their previous uses in oral biology research, and discusses potential future applications in research protocols.

A Retrospective Evaluation of Radiographic Outcomes in Immature Teeth With Necrotic Root Canal Systems Treated With Regenerative Endodontic Procedures

“…The TurboReg Algorithm performs an affine geometric image transformation to match the projection in 2 sequential radiographs. By using an approach previously described (17,18), the preoperative or postoperative image with the least visible distortion was selected to be the source image, and the other image, which needed to be corrected, was termed the target image. The same 3 landmarks were selected on both the source and target image.…”

Osteoporosis: Dental Implications

“…The final CADIA values is the product of the area of change and the average 'depth' of the change, and thus represents a volumetric description of the density change. 23 …”

“…Measurement of radiographic FD offers a potential means of detecting and quantifying changes in alveolar process bone mineral content. 23 …”

Dental-CT zur Planung chirurgischer Eingriffe

“…Die dentale Computertomographie (Dental-CT) hat heute einen unbestrittenen Platz in der Radiodiagnostik [46,73]. Bei entsprechender Fragestellung stellt sie den State-of-the-art in der Dentalradiologie dar [49,57].…”