Alteration in the Levels of Neutrophils and Lymphocytes in Male Wistar Rats (Second-Hand Smoker) with Marigold Leaves (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.)

Abstract

The second-hand smoker will have difficulties because of nicotine and other substances leading to activate free radical in the body and stimulate the secretion of inflammatory mediators. Flavonoid is a compound contained in marigold leaves, believed to have anti-inflammatory effects. This study aims to look at the effect of marigold leaves to neutrophil and lymphocyte profile of Wistar rat exposed cigarette smoked. This research was an experimental laboratory research design with pre and post-control groups. The sample consisted of 30 male Wistar rats. The control group was given food and drink in an ad libitum without given marigold, while treatments group 1 and 2 were given marigold at a dose of 4.5 and 6.3 grams, respectively. Each group was exposed to 2 cigarettes smoked per day for 2 weeks. On days 0, 7, and 14, blood samples were taken through retro orbitals. The data were analyzed by using the Sysmax KX-21® Hematology Analyzer. Normality test used Shapiro-wilk continued to one way ANOVA test and finally DUNCAN test. One way ANOVA test results for neutrophils and lymphocytes stated p = 0.00, which means that the effect of giving marigold to levels of neutrophils and lymphocytes of Wistar rats exposed cigarette smoked, the DUNCAN test results stated the dosage of 4.5 and 6.3 not significantly different but gave a significant difference to the control group. Marigold significant to reduce levels of neutrophils and lymphocytes to the normal stage of wistar rats exposed cigarette smoked.