Alveolar ridge resorption after tooth extraction: A consequence of a fundamental principle of bone physiology

Hansson, Stig; Halldin, Anders

doi:10.1177/1758736012456543

Cited by 137 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Since the existence of alveolar bone is mutually connected to the dentition and other periodontal tissues, the alveolar ridge continues to resorb following tooth removal even if a dental implant is placed into a fresh extraction socket. Physiologically, this is caused by continuous bone remodeling in response to mechanical loading changes that occur with alterations in the applied force and strain distribution to the osseous tissue during mastication, as stipulated by Wolff's Law [2]. Ridge or socket preservation and augmentation using bone grafting materials is a clinically viable approach to maintain any remaining bone following tooth extraction and further condition it in preparation for dental implant placement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue engineering for bone regeneration and osseointegration in the oral cavity

et al. 2015

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue engineering for bone regeneration and osseointegration in the oral cavity

et al. 2015

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“…Individual differences are observed in mandibular bone resorption, and the extent of absorption also varies by site, even in the mandible. Changes are particularly notable in the alveolar area, where reductions are seen in alveolar height and width 3) . Studies analyzing the bone structure of dentulous and edentulous mandibles showed significant differences between the two in bone mineral density (BMD) 4) , and studies are being carried out to explain the role of the load incurred via the teeth in changes in the internal structure of the mandible 5,6) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alignment of Biological Apatite Crystallites in Posterior Cortical Bone of Human Edentulous Mandible

Iwata

Matsunaga

Morioka

et al. 2015

J. Hard Tissue Biology.

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The mandible is a unique bone with a two-layered structure comprising the alveolar area that holds the teeth and the base of the mandible. When teeth are lost, the alveolar area is quickly resorbed, and the internal structure of the mandible changes greatly. Quantitative assessment of changes in the bone microarchitecture that occur with tooth loss is thus imperative. We therefore quantitatively assessed bone mineral density (BMD) and biological apatite (BAp) crystalline orientation in human edentulous mandibles and elucidated the structural characteristics of human edentulous mandibles. Japanese edentulous mandibles were divided into samples with a high and well-rounded alveolar area and thin cortical bone in the alveolar area (α-type), thick cortical bone (β-type), and those with a low and flat alveolar area (γ-type). BMD and BAp crystalline orientation were measured in the alveolar area and base of the mandible of the site corresponding to the first molar (the region of interest). Although BMD did not differ by site, comparisons of the different types revealed that BMD was high in the α-type and low in the β-and γ-types. BAp crystalline orientation in the alveolar area was observed in the vertical direction to the virtual occlusal plane (Y-axis) and buccalingual direction (Z-axis) in the α-type, whereas weak preferential orientation in the mesiodistal direction (X-axis) was observed in the β-and γ-types. BAp crystals in the base of the mandible showed uniaxial preferential alignment along the X-axis in all three sample types (p < 0.05). These findings demonstrate that most of the human edentulous mandible develops long bone-like characteristics with resorption of the alveolar area and that orientation in the alveolar area varies with morphological changes in the alveolar bone.

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“…Several studies have 9 looked at the rate at which this alveolar resorption occurs. In some dog studies, full alveolar remodeling is complete after 6 months (Cardaropoli et al, 2003) but some human experimental studies have noted that no examples of complete remodeling had occurred after 12 months of post-extraction monitoring of patients (Hansson and Halldin, 2012). A recent study by Morgan (2012) found that it takes at least 29 weeks in humans for sockets to be fully healed, which was defined on the basis of bone presence throughout the cavity left by tooth extraction (Morgan, 2011).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing evulsion in the Later Stone Age Maghreb: Age, sex and effects on mastication

Groote

Humphrey

2016

Quaternary International

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Abstract:This paper assesses the earliest evidence for widespread dental modification in Northwest Africa. The intentional modification of teeth has implications for an individual's appearance, sense of identity and perceived status. The range of modifications reported varies from alterations of shape or color to the complete removal of healthy teeth (evulsion or ablation). The availability of well-dated collections reveals that Northwest Africa was the first region where the custom of tooth evulsion was widely practiced.Analysis of Iberomaurusian (Late Stone Age, n=77) and Capsian dental material (n=12) shows that evulsion was present in most male and female individuals (>94%). The most common Iberomaurusian practice involved removal of both upper central incisors (around 65%) although removal of fewer, none and more teeth was also recorded. Observations of the extent of alveolar remodeling of different sockets revealed that teeth were frequently removed at different ages, suggesting that the cultural significance was age transgressive and may have related to an event that individuals experienced more than once. During the Capsian period the prevalence of evulsion was lower in males than in females, but when present more teeth were removed with evulsion frequently involving both mandible and maxilla. Tooth wear analysis shows that evulsion affected not only the appearance of the individual but also the functioning of the masticatory complex.3

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Alveolar ridge resorption after tooth extraction: A consequence of a fundamental principle of bone physiology

Cited by 137 publications

References 36 publications

Tissue engineering for bone regeneration and osseointegration in the oral cavity

Tissue engineering for bone regeneration and osseointegration in the oral cavity

Alignment of Biological Apatite Crystallites in Posterior Cortical Bone of Human Edentulous Mandible

Characterizing evulsion in the Later Stone Age Maghreb: Age, sex and effects on mastication

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