An across-species comparison of the sensitivity of different organisms to Pb-based perovskites used in solar cells

Wang, Guiyin; Zhai, Yujia; Zhang, Shirong; Diomede, Luisa; Bigini, Paolo; Romeo, Margherita; Cambier, Sébastien; Contal, Servane; Nguyen, Nhung H. A.; Rosická, Petra; Ševců, Alena; Nickel, Carmen; Vijver, Martina G.; Peijnenburg, Willie J.G.M.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135134

Cited by 19 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Ecotoxicology data related to SC components is still lacking, [49][50][51][52] in particular for the third generation, since this technology is not on the market yet, and the main effort is spent in improving their efficiency leaving aside the ecotoxicological studies. [48]…”

Section: Toxicity Of Materials In Third-generation Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Third‐Generation Solar Cells: Toxicity and Risk of Exposure

Buitrago

Novello

Meyer

2020

Helvetica Chimica Acta

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Solar energy is considered clean energy, and its use is predicted to increase in the near future. Most installed units today are crystalline solar cells, but the field is in constant development, and when the first dye sensitized solar cell was published by Grätzel and O'Reagan a new, third‐generation, solar power was born. Highly toxic metals are used to produce the photovoltaic units today, and with the predicted increase in solar cell installation, the human health hazards of these panels could become an issue. Additionally, many of these materials are used in their nanoform, which is associated with an additional risk. In this article, we discuss the technology behind the third‐generation solar cells with its valuable use of nanotechnology as well as the possible health hazard when such nanomaterials are used in solar power units. We will show that the main exposure will occur either during the development and production phases or at the end‐of‐life stage of the solar cells, where toxic material can leach into landfills, and subsequently into the environment and impact the ecosystem directly, or humans indirectly through edible plants or drinking water.

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Section: Toxicity Of Materials In Third-generation Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Third‐Generation Solar Cells: Toxicity and Risk of Exposure

Buitrago

Novello

Meyer

2020

Helvetica Chimica Acta

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“…MAPbI 3 partially dissolved in cell culture media has a strong dose-dependent effect on neurons and lung cells, dramatically altering their growth, metabolic activity, and cellular morphology and potentially leading to cell death. 16 For lead halide perovskite-based PVs, their most pessimistic scenario is when damaged solar panels are exposed to rain, followed by dissolution and leaching of lead ions into the environment. This then provokes the uncontrolled contamination of buildings, soil, and surface water, ultimately ending up in our food chain.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A lot of work is put into solving the stability issues of perovskite devices, such as temperature, humidity, UV radiation, mechanical strain, and thermal dilatation. However, even if these concerns are to be solved in the future, , a critical hurdle that continues to pose as a serious barrier against the increasing commercialization efforts is the toxicity of water-soluble lead, − present in this newly rediscovered semiconductor . According to estimates, throughout known human history, 300 million tons of lead have been discarded in the environment from anthropogenic sources .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fighting Health Hazards in Lead Halide Perovskite Optoelectronic Devices with Transparent Phosphate Salts

Horváth

Kollár

Andričević

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Organic−inorganic lead halide perovskite (CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 ) solar cells have surpassed 25% power conversion efficiency, being ready for industrial-scale production of cheap photovoltaic (PV) panels. In this action, the major hurdle is its lead content, which in case of device failure, could be washed into the soil, entering the food chain. Since there is a zero tolerance on lead in the human organism, this health hazard is a critical obstacle for commercialization. Here, we propose a solution to this problem by incorporating phosphate salts (e.g., (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 ) in PV and other perovskite-based optoelectronic devices in various architectures. Phosphate salts do not react with CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 and do not alter its advantageous optoelectronic properties, but in a wet environment, they react immediately with lead, forming a highly insoluble compound, precluding this way the spread of lead into the environment. It is expected that this study will stimulate research, enabling lead halide perovskite solar cells to reach a similar environmental risk category as the commercially available, nonwater-soluble heavy metal-containing CdTe and gallium diselenide technologies.

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“…In the past few years, only 12 studies have provided experimental data on the biological impacts of PSC-related chemicals (Table and Figure ). Two fishes (zebrafish and Japanese medaka), ,− a water flea, ,,− a phytoplankton, a chironomus, a nematode, , and bacteria were selected as test species. Three soil plants and soil bacteria , were investigated to evaluate the soil ecotoxicology, and five human cell lines (A549 cell, SH-SY5Y cell, Caco-2/TC7 cell, Beas2B cell, and HepG2 cell) and mouse neurons were assessed via in vitro assay. ,, Even though the aquatic toxicity data accumulated were more than those on soil toxicity and cytotoxicity, the number of reports is still very limited.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Green Process for Environmentally Viable Perovskite Solar Cells

Kim

Kwak

et al. 2022

ACS Energy Lett.

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Persistent efforts toward an implementation of green chemistry are highly encouraged in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) research not only because the sustainable chemistry is ideally inseparable from the renewable photovoltaic technology but also because commercialization of PSC practically demands a green technology to reduce its impact on the environmental, health, and safety (EHS). In this Review, we thoroughly examine the materials used in PSCs to assess their potential hazards from the perspective of EHS, followed by an introduction to recycling technologies for PSCs that offer feasible and rational strategies to resolve those issues. In addition to the materials, solvents are taken into consideration due to their importance in determining the occupational risk during mass production of PSCs via solution processes. Progress in the development of green solvents to protect the health of the workforce and to maintain safety in the workplace is accordingly highlighted. Lastly, we carefully propose an overall perspective with a discussion of the remaining challenges facing the development of the environmentally viable PSCs.

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An across-species comparison of the sensitivity of different organisms to Pb-based perovskites used in solar cells

Cited by 19 publications

References 58 publications

Third‐Generation Solar Cells: Toxicity and Risk of Exposure

Third‐Generation Solar Cells: Toxicity and Risk of Exposure

Fighting Health Hazards in Lead Halide Perovskite Optoelectronic Devices with Transparent Phosphate Salts

Sustainable Green Process for Environmentally Viable Perovskite Solar Cells

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