An Analysis and Design of Photonic Crystal-Based Biochip for Detection of Glycosuria

Abstract

In this paper, a 2-dimensional "Air holes in silicon slab" photonic crystal based structure with line defect has been designed and simulated for detection of high glucose concentration in urine from 0-15 mg/dl to 10 gm/dl in the wavelength range of 1530-1565 nm. High glucose concentration in urine is referred as "Glycosuria". The proposed sensor structure is modeled and simulated in time domain by using MEEP (MIT Electromagnetic Equation Propagation) simulation tool. Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method has been used for the analysis. Band structure has been computed and Eigen frequencies have been extracted for each k-point for the designed sensor structure by using MPB (MIT Photonic Bands) simulation tool. The changes in the normalized output power levels, Quality (Q)-factor and resonant frequency have been observed for different concentrations of glucose present in urine. The calculated value of Q-factor obtained is Q=23575. The study has been done for normal urine and glycosuric urine. It is clear from the simulated graphs of transmission spectrum and band structure that for minute changes in the refractive index, the transmitted output power level range varies from 0.2298 dB to -0.091 dB and the resonant frequency range varies from 0.229259-0.22914 (in units of c/a) and hence it acts as a sensor for detection for "Glycosuria". Our designed sensor has achieved sensitivity of 638 nm /RIU.

Photonic crystal based biosensor for the detection of glucose concentration in urine

“…Typically, PC is having PBG, which is entirely broken by introducing either line defect or point defect. By breaking the defects, PC based optical devices, such as filter [14,15], directional coupler [16], demultiplexer [17,18], triplexer [19,20], power splitter [21,22], logic gates [23], switches [24,25], electro-optical modulators [26,27], add-drop filter [28,29], and sensors [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41], were reported.…”

“…In the literature, PC/PCRR based sensors were reported for bio sensing applications [30,31], salinity sensor for different temperatures [32], chemical sensor [33], force/strain sensor applications [34,35], pressure sensor [36], biosensor to detect the glucose concentration in urine [5,37,38], aqueous environment [39], breast cancer [40], cancer cell detection [41], pregnancy test, etc. In this paper, a photonic crystal based biosensor is designed, and sensing characteristics such as the Q factor, resonant wavelength, and normalized output power are estimated for albumin, bilirubin, urea, and glucose in urine and also glucose concentration in blood.…”

Nanomaterial-based biosensors for biological detections

“…50 These materials are often made from silica or indium oxide, carefully constructed and modified for their chemical and optical properties. [51][52][53][54][55][56][57] The optical properties of PCs are related to their periodicity, size, and average refractive index. 51 Sharma and Sharan 52,53 detected high glucose concentration in urine, known as glycosuria, using a PC-based structure with line defects and 2D air holes in a silicon slab.…”

Parallel Detection of Refractive Index Changes in a Porous Silicon Microarray Based on Digital Images

“…Additionally, due to the introduction of marker molecules, it is possible for the structure and activity of the biological molecules to be affected and changed, usually making the test results difficult to demonstrate the interaction of biological molecules and the authenticity of the characteristics [ 7 , 8 ]. Based on the aforementioned reasons, the non-mark detection technology has gradually become an important development direction in the field of biological analysis in recent years [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”