AnINSSpecial Forum: Implications of the Snowden Leaks

Abstract

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Intelligence in the Cyber Era: Evolution or Revolution?

“…65 This has heightened awareness about intelligence transparency, accountability and oversight, and led to significant changes in how intelligence agencies interact with the public sphere. 66 In the United States and UK, for instance, public disquiet and debate led to significant revisions of the legal and constitutional footings of SIGINT agencies and their operations. 67 Such key developments in governmental attempts to manage change, especially rapid technological change, are benchmarks that are hard to overstate.…”

Research Ethics in the Securitised University

“…Public consternation however over intelligence operations and its military-security impacts arguably reached a pitch when the public realised that a lot of security and intelligence operations seemed to be as much towards them as towards any well-defined enemy of a hostile foreign power or terrorist non-state actor. Above all else, the Snowden revelations seemedagain framed in often conspiratorial waysto convey a notion new to the public: that intelligence gathering was not simply about the enemy but anyone, not only about known enemy targets but unexpected future ones, anyone that is and everything (Harding 2014;Johnson et al 2014;Leigh and Harding 2011;Wright and Kreissl 2013). Yet the ethical implications of military, security and intelligence agency operational impacts on civilian populations, within and beyond the field of conflict, combat and war has received a considerable degree of attention in the research literature of security and intelligence studies as well as in the direct field of security-intelligence and military operations themselves (Baker 2015; Lucas 2015Lucas , 2016Goldman 2009Goldman , 2011Johnson and Patterrson 2015;Omand and Phythian 2013).…”

‘Delayed Disclosure’: National Security, Whistle-Blowers and the Nature of Secrecy

“…Instead, social scientists have tended to focus on new surveillance technologies and their potential dystopian consequences for civil liberties (Gates, 2011;Goold, 2004;Rule, 2007;Vincent, 2016;Wicker, 2013). A significant body of literature has emerged on Snowden, but the analysis is largely through the lens of growing ethical concerns about the ability of governments to monitor every aspect of our digital lives (Bauman et al 2014, Edgar, 2017Greenwald, 2014;Harding, 2014;Johnson, 2014;Lyon, 2015a). Partly as a result of recent interest in language, identity and the social construction of security, the subject of privacy, which concerns people and public discourse, is in scholarly vogue, especially when compared to the conventional and cloistered world of bureaucrats.…”