An optical sensor for the non-invasive measurement of the blood oxygen saturation of an artificial heart according to the variation of hematocrit

Opto-Chemical and Opto-Immuno Sensors

“…sensor, non-invasive meas. blood O 2 sat, artificial heart, hematocrit [266] Optical sensors for in vitro blood gas analysis [282] In vivo fiber pH sensor for gastro-esophageal meas. (biocomp., pH 1.0-8.0) [54] Optical biosensors in clinical and biochemical analysis [193] Fiber sensor for general anesthetics based on Raman spectroscopy [310] Multicomp.…”

Optical-fiber finger photo-plethysmograph using digital techniques

“…Commonly, in this stage, analog filters are adopted for amplitude demodulation. In contrast here, synchronous amplitude demodulation [9] is used implemented with a sample and hold circuit. Since the received signal is fully rectified through a precision rectifier, the sampling frequency can be double the fundamental frequency of the transmitting LED.…”

Junction field effect transistor - based optical sensor

“…An example of a very useful colorimetric analysis in medical applications is that of the human blood for the detection of the quantity of hemoglobin present as shown in Fig. 7.1 [87], [88]. The characterization of powder mixtures in stirred tanks [89] (to determine the time necessary to obtain a homogeneous mixture) and color determination of ripeness of fruit or mixed paints are also other industrial applications where color sensors are necessary and useful.…”