Abstract:A deconvolution protocol is developed for obtaining material responses from time-resolved small-angle scattering data from light (SALS), X-rays (SAXS), or neutrons (SANS). Previously used methods convolve material responses with information from the procedure used to group data into discrete time intervals, known as binning. We demonstrate that enhanced signal resolution can be obtained by using methods of signal processing to analyze time-resolved scattering data. The method is illustrated for a time-resolved… Show more
“…It is worthy noted that in order to check the likely error during each holding period of the stepwise SANS measurements, a so‐called time‐resolved SANS technique using a continuous (signal‐averaging) method were performed on the DPE/HPE blends for the comparison. As depicted in Figure , this technique uses a signal‐processing algorithm to superimpose neutron scattering intensity (with time information) collected over sufficient repeated events, by dividing the combined data into a number of time bins, adequate time resolution and statistics can thus be achieved . Both stepwise and continuous (time‐resolved) SANS data overlap nearly perfectly in the regime below the yield point, as shown in Figure B.…”
Section: Coupling Of Neutron and X‐ray Scattering In Characterizing Pmentioning
Section: Coupling Of Neutron and X‐ray Scattering In Characterizing Pmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…New SR X‐ray scattering beamline with high q range (such as a combination of ultra small angle X‐ray scattering (USAXS) and SAXS) and high time resolution are still being expected. Moreover, time‐resolution SANS technique can also be constructed in order to monitor the evolution of chain conformation during the nonequilibrium processing and service conditions. Details of chain conformation, spatial resolution, and deconvolution of composite systems. Low scattering samples such as dilute solution need high brilliance of SR X‐ray and the high detector efficiency.…”
Section: Conclusion and Outlooksmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As depicted in Figure 11, this technique uses a signal-processing algorithm to superimpose neutron scattering intensity (with time information) collected over sufficient repeated events, by dividing the combined data into a number of time bins, adequate time resolution and statistics can thus be achieved. [104] Both stepwise and continuous…”
Section: Deformation Of Pe On the Length Scale Of R Gmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…New SR X-ray scattering beamline with high q range (such as a combination of ultra small angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) and SAXS) and high time resolution are still being expected. Moreover, time-resolution SANS technique [104] can also be constructed in order to monitor the evolution of chain conformation during the nonequilibrium processing and service conditions.…”
Synchrotron radiation (SR) X‐ray and neutron scattering provide excellent probes for the investigation of polymeric material. Based on high brilliant beam with a tunable wavelength of SR, scattering techniques with high time and spatial resolutions have been developed for in situ X‐ray study on polymeric materials. With the isotopic sensitivity of neutron, the detailed single chain behavior can be isolated from the polymeric matrix under variant conditions with the help of deuterium labeling and contrast variation/matching. With examples on flow‐induced crystallization of polymer and hierarchical structure decomposition of polymer nanocomposite, current review attempts to present the advantages of SR X‐ray and neutron scattering in the study of hierarchical and multiscale structural evolutions of polymeric materials. With time resolution up to sub‐ms and spatial resolution of 100 nm, SR is expected to promote the understanding of non‐equilibrium polymer physics under processing. With the ability to “see” the single chain conformation and turn the contrast of the multicomponent polymeric composites, neutron scattering can benefit the progress of polymer science. Platform based on SR and neutron source provide promising of establishing polymer Materials Genome database, which might strongly benefit industrial processing and accelerate the progress of material innovation.
“…It is worthy noted that in order to check the likely error during each holding period of the stepwise SANS measurements, a so‐called time‐resolved SANS technique using a continuous (signal‐averaging) method were performed on the DPE/HPE blends for the comparison. As depicted in Figure , this technique uses a signal‐processing algorithm to superimpose neutron scattering intensity (with time information) collected over sufficient repeated events, by dividing the combined data into a number of time bins, adequate time resolution and statistics can thus be achieved . Both stepwise and continuous (time‐resolved) SANS data overlap nearly perfectly in the regime below the yield point, as shown in Figure B.…”
Section: Coupling Of Neutron and X‐ray Scattering In Characterizing Pmentioning
Section: Coupling Of Neutron and X‐ray Scattering In Characterizing Pmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…New SR X‐ray scattering beamline with high q range (such as a combination of ultra small angle X‐ray scattering (USAXS) and SAXS) and high time resolution are still being expected. Moreover, time‐resolution SANS technique can also be constructed in order to monitor the evolution of chain conformation during the nonequilibrium processing and service conditions. Details of chain conformation, spatial resolution, and deconvolution of composite systems. Low scattering samples such as dilute solution need high brilliance of SR X‐ray and the high detector efficiency.…”
Section: Conclusion and Outlooksmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…As depicted in Figure 11, this technique uses a signal-processing algorithm to superimpose neutron scattering intensity (with time information) collected over sufficient repeated events, by dividing the combined data into a number of time bins, adequate time resolution and statistics can thus be achieved. [104] Both stepwise and continuous…”
Section: Deformation Of Pe On the Length Scale Of R Gmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…New SR X-ray scattering beamline with high q range (such as a combination of ultra small angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) and SAXS) and high time resolution are still being expected. Moreover, time-resolution SANS technique [104] can also be constructed in order to monitor the evolution of chain conformation during the nonequilibrium processing and service conditions.…”
Synchrotron radiation (SR) X‐ray and neutron scattering provide excellent probes for the investigation of polymeric material. Based on high brilliant beam with a tunable wavelength of SR, scattering techniques with high time and spatial resolutions have been developed for in situ X‐ray study on polymeric materials. With the isotopic sensitivity of neutron, the detailed single chain behavior can be isolated from the polymeric matrix under variant conditions with the help of deuterium labeling and contrast variation/matching. With examples on flow‐induced crystallization of polymer and hierarchical structure decomposition of polymer nanocomposite, current review attempts to present the advantages of SR X‐ray and neutron scattering in the study of hierarchical and multiscale structural evolutions of polymeric materials. With time resolution up to sub‐ms and spatial resolution of 100 nm, SR is expected to promote the understanding of non‐equilibrium polymer physics under processing. With the ability to “see” the single chain conformation and turn the contrast of the multicomponent polymeric composites, neutron scattering can benefit the progress of polymer science. Platform based on SR and neutron source provide promising of establishing polymer Materials Genome database, which might strongly benefit industrial processing and accelerate the progress of material innovation.
Stress relaxation from a step strain test provides important information about constituent dynamics, but if a material has experienced a complex shear history, the underlying physics is not straightforward to access. We use recovery rheology and rheo‐small‐angle neutron scattering to probe the nonlinear dynamics of an entangled wormlike micelle solution by applying step strains after complex shear histories enforced by large‐amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) flow. We show that a universal relaxation modulus can be obtained from step strain tests with complex shear histories, as long as the modulus is defined in terms of the recoverable strain. The shear and normal stresses, as well as the alignment of micellar Kuhn segments, are shown to be positively correlated with the recoverable strain. We identify re‐entanglement of polymeric chains after cessation of LAOS and show that this process occurs over the same timescales as linear‐regime stress relaxation. This work, therefore, lays the foundation of how to accurately probe out‐of‐equilibrium rheology in a consistent manner.
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