An Update on the Epigenetics of Psychotic Diseases and Autism

Abdolmaleky, Hamid M.; Zhou, Jin‐Rong; Thiagalingam, Sam

doi:10.2217/epi.14.85

Cited by 61 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 192 publications

(136 reference statements)

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“…Finally, further investigations of the co-expression of autism and schizotypy/schizophrenia in BD may yield important insights about the inter-relationship of these neuropsychiatric conditions. This is warranted given recent evidence for this inter-relationship from genetic (Ellis et al, 2016;Goes et al, 2016), neurodevelopmental (O'Shea & McInnis, 2016), neurobiological as well as psychopathological studies (Abdolmaleky, Zhou, & Thiagalingam, 2015;Panaccione et al, 2013;Sani et al, 2012;Skokauskas & Frodl, 2015). This also can help explain performance in other domains relevant to global functioning such as mentalising, which has been shown to be affected in all three conditions (Bora, Bartholomeusz, & Pantelis, 2016).…”

Section: Table 1 About Herementioning

confidence: 96%

Autistic and schizotypal traits and global functioning in bipolar I disorder

Abu‐Akel

Clark

Perry

et al. 2017

Journal of Affective Disorders

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Objective: To determine the expression of autistic and positive schizotypal traits in a large sample of adults with bipolar I disorder (BD-I), and the effect of co-occurring autistic and positive schizotypal traits on global functioning in BD-I. Method: Autistic and positive schizotypal traits were self-assessed in 797 individuals with BD-I recruited by the Bipolar Disorder Research Network. Differences in global functioning (rated using the Global Assessment Scale) during lifetime worst depressive and manic episodes (GASD and GASM respectively) were calculated in groups with high/low autistic and positive schizotypal traits.Regression analyses assessed the interactive effect of autistic and positive schizotypal traits on global functioning. Results: 47.2% (CI=43.7-50.7%) showed clinically significant levels of autistic traits, and 23.22% (95% CI=20.29-26.14) showed clinically significant levels of positive schizotypal traits. In the worst episode of mania, the high autistic, high positive schizotypal group had better global functioning compared to the other groups. Individual differences analyses showed that high levels of co-occurring traits were associated with better global functioning in both mood states. Limitations: Autistic and schizotypal traits were assessed using self-rated questionnaires. Conclusions: Expression of autistic and schizotypal traits in adults with BD-I is prevalent, and may be important to predict illness aetiology, prognosis, and diagnostic practices in this population. Future work should focus on replicating these findings in independent samples, and on the biological and/or psychosocial mechanisms underlying better global functioning in those who have high levels of both autistic and positive schizotypal traits.

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Section: Table 1 About Herementioning

confidence: 96%

Autistic and schizotypal traits and global functioning in bipolar I disorder

Abu‐Akel

Clark

Perry

et al. 2017

Journal of Affective Disorders

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“…18 Several pathologies are associated with epigenetic changes. [19][20][21][22] The reprogramming efficiency of iPSC is also directly related to epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation and the epigenetic memory of the source cells. 23 The iPSC reprogramming process can be divided into three distinct phases, called pre-iPSC, intermediate and full reprogramming.…”

Section: Epigenetics and Ipscmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induced pluripotent stem cells reprogramming: Epigenetics and applications in the regenerative medicine

Gomes

Costa

Santos

et al. 2017

Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras.

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Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are somatic cells reprogrammed into an embryonic-like pluripotent state by the expression of specific transcription factors. iPSC technology is expected to revolutionize regenerative medicine in the near future. Despite the fact that these cells have the capacity to self-renew, they present low efficiency of reprogramming. Recent studies have demonstrated that the previous somatic epigenetic signature is a limiting factor in iPSC performance. Indeed, the process of effective reprogramming involves a complete remodeling of the existing somatic epigenetic memory, followed by the establishment of a "new epigenetic signature" that complies with the new type of cell to be differentiated. Therefore, further investigations of epigenetic modifications associated with iPSC reprogramming are required in an attempt to improve their self-renew capacity and potency, as well as their application in regenerative medicine, with a new strategy to reduce the damage in degenerative diseases. Our review aimed to summarize the most recent findings on epigenetics and iPSC, focusing on DNA methylation, histone modifications and microRNAs, highlighting their potential in translating cell therapy into clinics.

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“…Deregulation of miR-124, the most abundant brain miRNA, has been linked to neurodegeneration, neuroimmune disorders and CNS stress among others [136]. In the context of mental disorders, it appears that EVs and miRNAs could represent the underlying mechanisms of disorders such as bipolar affective disorder, schizophrenia, major depression and anxiety disorders [137–140]. Whether miRNA deregulation is a cause or a consequence of such disorders is not clear and the majority of studies which examined the expression of miRNAs in mental disorders are case-control studies.…”

Section: Evs Released By Brain Cells Contain Mirnas Which Are Invomentioning

confidence: 99%

Turing Revisited: Decoding the microRNA Messages in Brain Extracellular Vesicles for Early Detection of Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Gillet

Hunting

Takser

2016

Curr Envir Health Rpt

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The prevention of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) of prenatal origin suffers from the lack of objective tools for early detection of susceptible individuals and the long time lag, usually in years, between the neurotoxic exposure and the diagnosis of mental dysfunction. Human data on the effects of alcohol, lead and mercury and experimental data from animals on developmental neurotoxins and their long term behavioral effects have achieved a critical mass, leading to the concept of the Developmental Origin of Health and Disease (DOHaD). However, there is currently no way to evaluate the degree of brain damage early after birth. We propose that Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) and particularly exosomes, released by brain cells into the fetal blood may offer us a non-invasive means of assessing brain damage by neurotoxins. We are inspired by the strategy applied by Alan Turing (a cryptanalyst working for the British government) who created a first computer to decrypt German intelligence communications during World War II. Given the growing evidence that miRNAs, which are among the molecules carried by EVs, are involved in cell-cell communication, we propose that decrypting messages from EVs can allow us to detect damage thus offering an opportunity to cure, reverse or prevent the development of NDD. This review summarizes recent findings on miRNAs associated with selected environmental toxicants known to be involved in the pathophysiology of NDD.

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An Update on the Epigenetics of Psychotic Diseases and Autism

Cited by 61 publications

References 192 publications

Autistic and schizotypal traits and global functioning in bipolar I disorder

Autistic and schizotypal traits and global functioning in bipolar I disorder

Induced pluripotent stem cells reprogramming: Epigenetics and applications in the regenerative medicine

Turing Revisited: Decoding the microRNA Messages in Brain Extracellular Vesicles for Early Detection of Neurodevelopmental Disorders

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