Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Lesi Pra Kanker Serviks pada Wanita Pasangan Usia Subur di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Muara Bungo 1

Abstract

AbstrakLesi pra kanker serviks adalah awal perubahan menuju kanker serviks. Program pengendalian kanker serviks melalui pemeriksaan Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) di tingkat Puskesmas dapat menurunkan insiden kanker serviks hingga 83,6%. Kanker serviks ini berkaitan dengan banyak faktor risiko.Tujuan: Menganalisis hubungan antara faktor risiko dengan kejadian lesi pra kanker serviks. Metode: Cross sectional yang dilakukan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Muara Bungo 1 dari bulan Februari sampai Mei 2019 terhadap 362 responden. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode multistage random sampling. Pengambilan data menggunakan kuisioner dan observasi. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-square. Hasil: Terdapat hubungan signifikan (p<0,05) antara kejadian lesi prakanker serviks dengan usia >35 tahun, usia pertama kali berhubungan seksual <20tahun, jumlah paritas ≥4kali, menggunakan pembersih vagina dan lama penggunaan kontrasepsi hormonal ≥5 tahun. Jumlah pasangan seksual, paparan asap rokok dan riwayat keluarga kanker serviks, tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kejadian lesi pra kanker serviks (p≥0,05). Faktor risiko yang paling dominan adalah usia pertama kali berhubungan seksual <20 tahun (p=0,008; OR: 6,092). Simpulan: Faktor risiko usia, usia pertama kali berhubungan seksual, jumlah paritas, menggunakan pembersih vagina dan lama menggunakan kontrasepsi hormonal berhubungan dengan kejadian lesi prakanker serviks.Kata kunci: lesi pra kanker serviks, VIA, faktor-faktor risiko AbstractThe program for controlling cervical cancer through Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) at the Public Health level can reduce the incidence of cervical cancer by 83.6%. This cervical cancer is associated with many risk factors. Objectives: To analyzed the relationship between risk factors and the incidence of precancerous lesion of cervical. Methods: This was a cross sectional design with multistage random sampling method. This study was conducted at Muara Bungo 1's Health Center from February until May in 2019 on 362 respondents. Sampling uses the MultistageRandom Sampling Method. The data collected by questionnaires and observations. Data were analyzed by Chi-square test. Results: There were significant relationship (p <0.05) between the incidence of pre-cervical cancer lesions with risk factors of age more than 35 years old, age of first sexual intercourse less than 20 years old, the number of parity at least for four times, using vaginal cleansers and duration of use of hormonal contraception at least for five years, exposure to cigarette smoked and a family history of cervical cancer, did not have a significant relationship with the incidence of pre-cancerous lesions of cervical cancer (p>0.05). The most dominant risk factor was the age of first sexual intercourse less than twenty years old. (p = 0.008; OR: 6,092). Conclusion: The risk factor of age, age of first sexual intercourse, the number of parity, using vaginal cleansers and duration of use of hormonal contraception relations with the precancerous lesion of...

Risk Factors Associated with Early Detection of Cervical Cancer by the IVA Method in Women of Childbearing Age In the City of Ternate

“…The increased risk of cancer in the elderly is a combination of increasing and increasing the length of time exposure to carcinogens and the weakening of the immune system. Not to mention during this period health problems are replaced with pregnancy disorders, fatigue due to caring for ISSN: 2722 -4015 http://ijstm.inarah.co.id children and the demands of a career.Obesity, cancer, depression and certain serious illnesses begin to gnaw at this age [13].…”

Indonesian Self-Risk Assessment for Cervical Cancer (SiNara): Instrument Development and Validation

“…A total of 30 items were developed as the instrument. The items were women's demographic data, containing items on the number of marriages (Chandrawati, 2016;Yuliani et al, 2019), age (Fitrisia et al, 2019;Jasa, 2016), and husband's and wife's income (Chandrawati, 2016;Umami et al, 2017). Next, the disease history included a previous history of sexually transmitted diseases (Darmayanti et al, 2015;Partiwi et al, 2015), excessive white vaginal discharge, foul-smelling vaginal discharge, bleeding after menopause (Jasa, 2016;Nindrea, 2017;Trifitriana et al, 2017), history of immune system disease, and history of using immunosuppressant drugs (Borruto & Ridder, 2012).…”

“…Family history of disease, including family history of cancer and family history of cervical cancer (Arfailasufandi et al, 2016;Rahmah et al, 2017;Yuviska & Amirus, 2015); and lifestyle, including smoking habits, history of cigarette smoke exposure (Natphopsuk et al, 2012;Nindrea, 2017;Dewi et al, 2013;Putri et al, 2019), no daily fruit and vegetable consumptions (Rasjidi, 2009;Syatriani, 2011) were taken. Personal hygiene included no changing sanitary napkins every 4-6 hours a day during menstruation, no drying out the vagina after micturition, no washing the genital area after sexual intercourse, and using panty liners and public toilets frequently (Dianti & Isfandiari, 2015;Fitrisia et al, 2019;Dewi, 2017). Sexual behaviors which were pooled included the number of sexual partners (Umami et al, 2017;Yuliani et al, 2019), bleeding after sexual intercourse, and intercourse during menstruation (Damayanti, 2013;Nindrea, 2017).…”

Hubungan antara usia perkawinan dengan hasil pemeriksaan Inspeksi Visual Asam Asetat (IVA) di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tanjung Sekayam Kecamatan Kapuas Kabupaten Sanggau

“…10 Hal ini dikarenakan kejadian kanker serviks meningkat secara bersamaan dengan bertambahnya usia serta waktu awal terpapar HPV hingga benar-benar menjadi kanker invasif yang memerlukan waktu sekitar 10-20 tahun. 11 Pada usia tua juga terjadi penurunan sistem imun tubuh yang berperan dalam mengeliminasi sel kanker, menghambat pertumbuhan dan penyebarannya. 12 Responden dalam penelitian ini merupakan wanita usia subur berusia antara 30-50 tahun, dengan sebagian besar responden yaitu berusia 30-36 tahun berjumlah 16 orang (47,1%).…”

“…Wanita yang berhubungan seksual pada usi <20 tahun dapat mempermudah terjadinya lesi prakanker serviks bahkan kanker serviks, karena HPV dapat menginfeksi lebih dalam lagi disebabkan oleh ketidakmatangan mukosa serviks pada usia tersebut dibandingkan pada usia ≥20 tahun. 11 Hasil yang tidak signifikan dalam penelitian ini dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor seperti usia wanita yang lebih tua dan subjektivitas pemeriksa terhadap hasil IVA, serta tindakan pencegahan kanker serviks yang dilakukan oleh responden.…”