Analysis of a multiple-pump Raman amplifier

Abstract

Raman amplification is investigated both experimentally and numerically. It is demonstrated that, depending on the different pump wavelength combinations, the shape as well as the amount of the fiber gain can be altered accordingly. A numerical model is presented that includes the relevant physical effects to describe properly the different pump and signal interactions. Results of several pump combinations are compared to experimental data and used to derive numerical values for the local fiber gain.

Raman amplifier model in single-mode optical fiber

“…Kidorf et al [1] give detailed equations for a Raman amplifier model applied to single-mode optical fiber, in which an attempt has been made to conserve photon number. Achtenhagen et al [4] verify the gain predicted by this model and add Rayleigh backscattering and wavelength scaling approximation to account for effective area. Perlin et al [5] add anti-Stokes spontaneous emissions.…”

A correction method for the analytical model in Raman amplifiers systems based on energy conservation assumption

“…Fig. 4 shows the results for a system with eight pumps with parameters showed in table 1 found in the bibliography [12]. The link had a length of 80 km allowing the second order amplification to occur.…”

“…This behavior arises because the pumps with higher wavelengths have less power initially, so they are amplified by the other pumps and after that, when their levels are high enough, they will be responsible for amplifying the L-band, increasing the error in this spectrum region. [12].…”

Design methodology for multi-pumped discrete Raman amplifiers: case-study employing photonic crystal fibers

“…1, is usually carried out using an extended nonlinear Schrödinger equation (ENLSE) method [10,19,20] or steady-state approximations [20][21][22]. Numerical methods are then used to analyze the electrical field evolution in the ENLSE modeling.…”