Analysis of Biogenic Amines Using Immunoassays, HPLC, and a Newly Developed IC-MS/MS Technique in Fish Products—A Comparative Study

Abstract

In this study, comparative analyses were carried out with ion chromatography mass-spectrometry (IC-MS/MS) which has no derivatization step, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique, as well as two quantitative and two semi-quantitative immunoassays. The results demonstrated that HPLC and quantitative immunoassay methods were well-correlated with IC-MS/MS in determining histamine in various types of fish products. The best correlation was observed with the HistaSure ELISA Fast Track kit (R2 = 0.9903). More than half of the values (68%) obtained by two methods were also statistically similar. The results of semi-quantitative test kits also supported histamine values estimated by quantitative methods, with some exceptions. The best results were found for HistaSure Lateral Flow in supporting the quantitative techniques. Therefore, these methods are found suitable for monitoring histamine in fish products in terms of food safety. Good correlations were also observed HPLC and IC-MS/MS in determining cadaverine, putrescine, and tyramine with the highest value observed for tyramine as R2 = 0.9785. However, no correlation was observed for other biogenic amines, and the majority of the results were significantly different from each other for these amines (p < 0.05). The differences may be caused by the drawbacks reported previously for HPLC. However, further studies are required to confirm the possible effects. This study provides a comparative evaluation of several methods in terms of their suitability in determining biogenic amines in fish products for both monitoring and regulatory purposes.

A combination of a graphene quantum dots–cationic red dye donor–acceptor pair and cucurbit[7]uril as a supramolecular sensor for ultrasensitive detection of cancer biomarkers spermine and spermidine

“…Over the years, many traditional techniques, such as chromatographic methods, 21 biosensors, 22 immunoassay-based methods, 23 as well as colorimetric and fluorimetric methods using small organic molecules as sensing probes, 24–26 to detect biogenic polyamines have received immense current attention. 21–26 Notably, the fabrication of a dye on a nanomaterial for the detection of biogenic amines is one of the recent strategies for potential real-life applications. 27 However, they sometimes lack selectivity due to nonspecific interactions by the amine functionality and often require the use of toxic organic solvents for sensing studies.…”

The Effect of Freezing Raw Material on the Quality Changes and Safety of Salted Anchovies (Engraulis encrasicolus, Linnaeus, 1758) at Cold Storage Conditions

“…Moreover, quantities of about 100-800 mg/kg of tyramine and 30 mg/kg of phenylethylamine have been reported to be toxic doses in foods. Several studies tried to link different levels of biogenic amines with the spoilage of fish species [66]. The levels of biogenic amines were under 40 ppm, mainly below 10 ppm, with the exception of samples corresponding to 10% brine concentrations in relation to putrescine, cadaverine and tyramine.…”

A Capillary Electrophoresis Method Based on Molecularly Imprinted Solid-Phase Extraction for Selective and Sensitive Detection of Histamine in Foods

“…To date, several analytical methods including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) [ 7 ], high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [ 8 , 9 ], and gas chromatography (GC) [ 10 ] have been developed for histamine determination. Although the ELISA method offers a sensitive means of detection, it usually requires a long analysis time and the antibodies used are generally unstable [ 11 ].…”