Analysis of Increasing Flash Flood Frequency in the Densely Urbanized Coastline of the Campi Flegrei Volcanic Area, Italy

Esposito, Giuseppe; Matano, Fabio; Scepi, Germana

doi:10.3389/feart.2018.00063

Cited by 31 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…For urban flash flooding arising from catchments draining the hinterland of Genoa (Liguria, Italy), Faccini et al (2018) stressed the importance of rainfall intensities over periods of 1-3 h, while Papagiannaki et al (2015) in Greece showed that urban flash flooding was probable for I 10 > 22.8 mm h −1 (or I 60 > 9.6 mm h −1 ). For Italy, Esposito et al (2018) reported flash flood thresholds of I 10 > 54 mm h −1 or I 60 > 30 mm h −1 . In catchments in SW Germany, Ruiz-Villanueva et al (2012) showed that I 30 offered less explanatory power than I 60 for catchments > 10 km 2 , owing to their longer response time (greater smoothing of the hydrologic response).…”

Section: What Evidence Points To the Significance Of Short-lived Intementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Simultaneous changes in global and regional hydroclimates, related to global warming and shifts in the nature of the hydrologic cycle, may result in increased frequency and erosivity of rainfall events (Hatfield et al, 2013), as well as related ecosystem changes including in floristics, plant architecture, and soil moisture content. At the same time, growth in urban areas and populations, and the associated impervious urban land surfaces, appears to be resulting in increased risk of urban flash flooding and associated sediment transport, especially in peri-urban areas (Esposito et al, 2018), though this may be partially offset by the growing adoption of "sponge city" and similar approaches to building more absorbent cities Dong et al, 2018). Archer and Fowler (2018) have illustrated the effects of short-term "intensity bursts" in UK flooding, emphasising that short-period intensity was more significant than total rainfall.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rainfall intensity bursts and the erosion of soils: an analysis highlighting the need for high temporal resolution rainfall data for research under current and future climates

Dunkerley

2019

Earth Surf. Dynam.

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Abstract. Many land surface processes, including splash dislodgment and downslope transport of soil materials, are influenced strongly by short-lived peaks in rainfall intensity but are less well accounted for by longer-term average rates. Specifically, rainfall intensities reached over periods of 10–30 min appear to have more explanatory power than hourly or longer-period data. However, most analyses of rainfall, and particularly scenarios of possible future rainfall extremes under climate change, rely on hourly data. Using two Australian pluviograph records with 1 s resolution, one from an arid and one from a wet tropical climate, the nature of short-lived “intensity bursts” is analysed from the raw inter-tip times of the tipping bucket gauges. Hourly apparent rainfall intensities average just 1.43 mm h−1 at the wet tropical site and 2.12 mm h−1 at the arid site. At the wet tropical site, intensity bursts of extreme intensity occur frequently, those exceeding 30 mm h−1 occurring on average at intervals of <1 d and those of >60 mm h−1 occurring on average at intervals of <2 d. These bursts include falls of 13.2 mm in 4.4 min, the equivalent of 180 mm h−1, and 29 mm in 12.6 min, equivalent to 138 mm h−1. Intensity bursts at the arid site are much less frequent, those of 50–60 mm h−1 occurring at intervals of ∼1 month; moreover, the bursts have a much shorter duration. The aggregation of rainfall data to hourly level conceals the occurrence of many of these short-intensity bursts, which are potentially highly erosive. A short review examines some of the mechanisms through which intensity bursts affect infiltration, overland flow, and soil dislodgment. It is proposed that more attention to resolving these short-lived but important aspects of rainfall climatology is warranted, especially in light of possible changes in rainfall extremes under climate change.

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Section: What Evidence Points To the Significance Of Short-lived Intementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rainfall intensity bursts and the erosion of soils: an analysis highlighting the need for high temporal resolution rainfall data for research under current and future climates

Dunkerley

2019

Earth Surf. Dynam.

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“…The municipalities of Napoli and Pozzuoli (hereafter, PNMs) were chosen as the test area to validate the proposed methodology. It hosts about 3.183.465 people (ISTAT, 2017) and is exposed to volcanic (Lirer, Petrosino, Alberico, & Postiglione, 2001;Orsi, De Vita, & Di Vito, 1996), seismic (Esposito, Porfido, Luongo, & Petrazzuoli, 1992;Nunziata, 2004;Nunziata, Sacco, & Panza, 2011), flood (Esposito, Matano, & Scepi, 2018;Vennari, Parise, Santangelo, & Santo, 2016) (Figure 1). The deposits outcropping in the area were mainly emplaced by post-CI Campi Flegrei volcanic activity, and are made up of loose to lithified (tuffs) pyroclastic products and minor lava flows.…”

Section: Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

The key role of hazard indices and hotspot in disaster risk management: the case study of Napoli and Pozzuoli municipalities (Southern Italy)

et al. 2020

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In the last years, metropolitan areas are more and more exposed to natural risks often intensified by the effects of climatic changes. Clear and complete information about hazards impending on the territory is indispensable for local authorities to define efficient territorial management strategies focused on the risk reduction. A flexible hazard tool which works at different scale and with several sources of hazard is here proposed. We drew maps of monothematic and synthetic indices to describe the hazard status of metropolitan areas. A hazard hotspot map was also elaborated to identify both the areas with high hazard for the single dangerous event and the areas characterized by the concomitance of several hazards. We computed hazard indices for Napoli and Pozzuoli, a densely populated area, located in the Somma-Vesuvio and Campi Flegrei multi-source volcanic zone and also exposed to landslide, flood and coastal erosion hazard.

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“…As reported by Esposito et al [61], many studies have underlined the valuable use of web news and social media for flood mapping [62], streamflow estimation [63,64], damage assessment [65], and flood prediction [66,67]. Crowdsourced data and Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) have also been used to develop road damage maps, representing a fundamental tool in disaster response operations [68].…”

Section: Evaluation Of Flooding Impact Using Crowdsourced Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing Consecutive Flooding Events after the 2017 Mt. Salto Wildfires (Southern Italy): Hazard and Emergency Management Implications

Esposito¹,

Parodi²,

Lagasio³

et al. 2019

Water

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Every summer, wildfires affect thousands of steep watersheds in Italy, causing the partial or complete destruction of vegetation, and changes in soil hydraulic properties. Such effects alter the hydrologic response of watersheds, increasing post-fire debris and sediment-laden flow hazard. This study characterizes the most relevant predisposing and triggering factors for a sequence of four post-fire flooding events, which, in the late summer-autumn of 2017, affected Montoro village in southern Italy. This research work consists of a fire severity assessment based on multispectral satellite images, characterization of meteorological systems and related flood-triggering rainfall, and provides an overview of the damage that occurred in the repeatedly affected urban area using crowdsourced data. The research findings demonstrate that the analyzed area burned with moderate-high (64.4%) and low severity (35.6%) levels. All the flooding events were triggered by rainfall evaluated as non-extreme, but with relevant peak intensities (I10 and I30), associated with the first convective storms impacting the burned watersheds. The crowdsourced data highlight the fact that roads and buildings on footslopes were inundated by mud and debris transported by rapid flows. The study identifies a clear relationship between wildfires and flooding processes and provides useful information for hazard assessment and emergency management operations.

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Analysis of Increasing Flash Flood Frequency in the Densely Urbanized Coastline of the Campi Flegrei Volcanic Area, Italy

Cited by 31 publications

References 44 publications

Rainfall intensity bursts and the erosion of soils: an analysis highlighting the need for high temporal resolution rainfall data for research under current and future climates

Rainfall intensity bursts and the erosion of soils: an analysis highlighting the need for high temporal resolution rainfall data for research under current and future climates

The key role of hazard indices and hotspot in disaster risk management: the case study of Napoli and Pozzuoli municipalities (Southern Italy)

Characterizing Consecutive Flooding Events after the 2017 Mt. Salto Wildfires (Southern Italy): Hazard and Emergency Management Implications

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