Analytical chemistry of amygdalin

Cairns, Thomas; Froberg, Jerry E.; Gonzales, Steve A; Langham, William S; Stamp, John J.; Howie, John K.; Sawyer, Donald T.

doi:10.1021/ac50024a037

Cited by 35 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Neoamygdalin was purified by the specific HPLC conditions (Nucleosil 100-5 C18, 250 mm × 10 mm i.d. ; mobile phase, 6% acetonitrile; flow rate, 5 mL/min; injection volume, 500 µL; column temperature, ambient) and characterized by FAB-HR mass and 1 H-NMR (CD 3 OD) spectroscopy according to the standard method (Hwang et al, 2002;Cairns et al, 1978). The molecular weights of D-amygdalin and neoamygdalin measured by FAB-HR mass spectroscopy were 458.1672 [M+1] and 458.1674 [M+1], respectively.…”

Section: Preparation Of Standard Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Cairns et al, 1978;Smith and Weber, 1984;Dybowski, 1981) is also reported as a practical method, but it could not be used due to low efficiency and the long time required for analysis. In our previous paper (Hwang et al, 2002;Koo et al, 2005), we developed a reversed-phase HPLC method using C18 column in order to separate D-amygdalin and neoamygdalin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improvement of the extraction efficiency of d-amygdalin from Armeniacae Semen powder through inactivating emulsin and suppressing the epimerization of d-amygdalin

2010

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Armeniacae Semen contains not only amygdalin but also emulsin, which is an enzyme that hydrolyzes amygdalin. This hydrolysis reaction has been a major problem associated with the water extraction of Armeniacae Semen powder. In this study, the emulsin was inactivated by extracting Armeniacae Semen powder at a constant temperature of 90 degrees C. In addition, in order to suppress the epimerization of D-amygdalin, the extraction time was kept to less than 8 min. The use of a 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 2.3) containing 13.5% acetonitrile as a mobile phase in reversed-phase HPLC was effective in separating and analyzing the D-amygdalin and neoamygdalin. The linearity between the concentrations and detector responses was obtained in the range of 0.05 to 0.5 mM. The detection limits for D-amygdalin and neoamygdalin were approximately 5 microM per amount injected.

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Section: Preparation Of Standard Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of the extraction efficiency of d-amygdalin from Armeniacae Semen powder through inactivating emulsin and suppressing the epimerization of d-amygdalin

2010

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“…High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [10][11][12] is also reported as a practical method, but it could not be used due to low efficiency and the long time required for analysis. In our previous paper [7], we developed a reverse- phase HPLC method using C18 column in order to separate d-amygdalin and neoamygdalin in baseline resolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative determination of amygdalin epimers from armeniacae semen by liquid chromatography

Ja-yong

Hwang

Cho

et al. 2005

Journal of Chromatography B

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“…Ticari olarak satışı yapılan ve LAETRIL ® olarak adlandırılan ürünün gluküronik asit içermesi nedeniyle amigdalinden farklı olduğu saptanmıştır (Şekil 1). Bu nedenle küçük harflerle yazılan laetrilin amigdalin ile aynı anlama geldiği ancak LAETRIL ® şeklinde yazılan ürünün iki glikoz ünitesi yerine bir adet üronik asit formunda glikoz içermesi nedeniyle amigdalin olmadığı belirtilmiştir [12,25]. …”

Section: Kimyasal öZellikleriunclassified

Ami̇gdali̇n Ve Özelli̇kleri̇

Çelik¹,

Yildirim²

2017

Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi

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ÖZDoğada en çok karşılaşılan siyanojenik glikozit olan amigdalin kayısı, badem, kiraz, elma, erik, armut ve şeftali gibi meyvelerin çekirdeklerinde bulunur. Amigdalin, D(-)-mandelonitril-β-D-gentiobiyozit, D(-)-amigdalin, R-amigdalin, laetril ve vitamin B 17 gibi isimlerle de anılmaktadır. Amigdalinin parçalanması enzimatik aktivite, ısıl işlem, mineral asitler ve yüksek askorbik asit konsantrasyonları ile gerçekleşebilir ve parçalanma sonucunda zehirli hidrojen siyanür oluşur. Amigdalin, alyuvar üretiminin kaybı ile karakterize edilen kansızlık, astım, yüksek tansiyon, damar sertliği, şeker hastalığı, migren ve özellikle de kanser tedavisinde kullanılmaktadır. Laboratuvar koşullarında yapılan bazı çalışmalarda tümör gelişiminin engellenmesine dair olumlu sonuçlar elde edilmiş olmasına karşın özellikle hastalığı ilerlemiş kişilerde amigdalinin tümör gelişimini önlediğine ilişkin ikna edici veriler bulunmamaktadır. Bu nedenle amigdalinin anti-kanserojen etkisinin olup olmadığı konusunun biran önce açıklığa kavuşturulması için ayrıntılı bilimsel çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu derlemede, amigdalinin kimyasal özellikleri, bulunduğu gıdalar, parçalanması, sağlık üzerine etkisi ve analiz yöntemlerine ilişkin bilgiler verilmiştir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Amigdalin, kimyasal özellikleri, parçalanması, sağlık üzerine etkileri AMYGDALIN AND ITS PROPERTIES ABSTRACTAmygdalin is the most common cyanogenic glycoside in nature, and it is found in fruit kernels, such as apricot, almond, cherry, apple, plum, pear and peach. Amygdalin is also called D(-)-mandelonitrile-β-D-gentiobioside, D(-)-amygdalin, R-amygdalin, laetrile and vitamin B 17 . Amygdalin can be degraded by enzymatic activity, heat treatment, mineral acids or high concentrations of ascorbic acid, and after its degradation, toxic hydrogen cyanide is formed. Amygdalin has been used to treat aplastic anaemia, asthma, hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes, migraine, and most important of all, cancer. Although tumour-inhibiting effects of amygdalin have been observed from some in vitro studies, there is no substantial evidence showing that amygdalin induces discrete tumour regression in cancer patients, particularly in those with late-stage disease. Therefore, further investigation is necessary to clarify whether amygdalin has an anti-carcinogenic effect as soon as possible. This paper aims to provide current knowledge about amygdalin regarding its chemical properties, presence in foods, degradation, possible health effects, and analysis methods.

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Analytical chemistry of amygdalin

Cited by 35 publications

References 13 publications

Improvement of the extraction efficiency of d-amygdalin from Armeniacae Semen powder through inactivating emulsin and suppressing the epimerization of d-amygdalin

Improvement of the extraction efficiency of d-amygdalin from Armeniacae Semen powder through inactivating emulsin and suppressing the epimerization of d-amygdalin

Quantitative determination of amygdalin epimers from armeniacae semen by liquid chromatography

Ami̇gdali̇n Ve Özelli̇kleri̇

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