Analytical Method Development for the Spectrophotometric Determination of Sulfamethoxazole in Bulk Drug and Pharmaceutical Preparation

Mehdi, Zaman Sahb

doi:10.15640/jcb.v3n1a5

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…[18]. SMX on the other hand is a white to off-white crystalline powder [19]. Based upon the biopharmaceutical classification system both TMP and SMX are class II drugs; which implies low aqueous solubility and high membrane permeability [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation, in vitro characterization and optimization of taste-masked orally disintegrating co-trimoxazole tablet by direct compression

et al. 2021

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Introduction Orally disintegrating tablet (ODT) is a dosage form that overcomes the problem of swallowing which is prevalent in about 35% of the general population. Co-trimoxazole (CTX) is given for patients with HIV for the prophylaxis of opportunistic infection (OI), commonly for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. It was reported that CTX was associated with a 25–46% reduction in mortality among individuals infected with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. Esophageal candidiasis which usually comes along with HIV/AIDS is one of AIDS defining illness affecting up to 1 in 5 of people with AIDS. This opportunistic illness is manifested by painful or difficulty of swallowing. In this respect, CTX ODT offer the advantages of both liquid dosage forms in terms of easy swallowing thereby improve patient compliance and solid dosage forms in terms of dose uniformity, stability, lower production, and transportation costs. The objective of this study was to formulate, characterize and optimize CTX ODT which could overcome swallowing problem and improve patient compliance. Co-trimoxazole ODTs were prepared by direct compression technique using a semi synthetic super disintegrant (crospovidone) along with other excipients. Two taste masking techniques were employed, addition of sweetening agent, and solid dispersion by using a pH sensitive polymer, Eudragit E-100 at different ratios (1:1, 1:2 and 1:3). Taste masking was determined by comparing taste threshold value and in vitro drug release. Preliminary study was used to investigate the effect of crospovidone, compression force (CF) and Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) on disintegration time, friability and wetting time (WT). Factorial design was used as it enables simultaneous evaluation of formulation variables and their interaction effect. From the preliminary study, the factors that were found significant were further optimized using central composite design. Design-Expert 8.0.7.1 software was employed to carry out the experimental design. The bitterness threshold concentration of Trimethoprim was found to be 150 μg/ml and the in vitro drug release of the three batches of drug to polymer ratio (F1:1, 1:2 and 1:3) was 2.80±0.05, 2.77±0.00 and 2.63±0.00 respectively. From the optimization study, the optimal concentration for the superdisintegrant was 8.60% w/w and a CF of 11.25 KN which gave a rapid disintegration and WT of 13.79 and 23.19 seconds respectively and a friability of 0.666%. Conclusion In this study, co-trimoxazole ODT was formulated successfully. Central composite design was effectively used to model and optimize friability, DT and WT. The method was found effective for estimating the effect of independent variables on the dependent variables by using polynomial equation and surface plots. Optimization of the response variables was possible by using both numerical and graphical optimization and the predicted optimal conditions were confirmed experimentally and were found to be in good agreement within 5% of the predicted responses. The results of the study showed that CTX ODT had significantly rapid disintegration, less than 1% friability and enhanced dissolution profiles. The successful formulation of CTX ODT can solve difficulty of swallowing of conventional tablets for some group of patients which are unable to swallow solid oral dosage form.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation, in vitro characterization and optimization of taste-masked orally disintegrating co-trimoxazole tablet by direct compression

et al. 2021

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“…17 We have tried to encapsulate the bacteriostatic antibiotic sulfamethoxazole in the peptide microspheres. 18 To carry out a systematic inquiry into the morphological changes of the peptide microspheres by drug sulfamethoxazole loading, FE-SEM experiments were performed. Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14 So peptide-based delivery vehicles will be useful due to their hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance, folded structure, 15 recognition properties, 16 biocompatibility 17 and biodegradability. 18 Peptides containing non coded amino acids in particular are very important because of their immunity towards enzymatic degradation. 19 We are developing self-assembled peptide-based delivery vehicles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-assembled peptide microspheres for sustainable release of sulfamethoxazole

et al. 2016

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“…Sulfamethoxazole is an antibacterial medication used to treat various bacterial infections in humans and other animals. 1 It is usually used for many infection treatment such as middle ear infections, acute urinary tract infections, eye infections, diarrhea, and bronchitis and as prophylaxis of rheumatic fever. [2][3][4][5] Several techniques are utilized for determination of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) such as, High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), [3][4][5] highperformance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), 6 solid phase extraction (SPE), 7 flow injection, 8-10 micellar electrokinetic RESEARCH ARTICLE capillary chromatography (MEKC), 11 GC, 12 voltammetry 13 and spectrophotometric methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of New Azo Compound and its Application for Spectrophotometric Determination of Sulfamethoxazole and Extraction using Cloud Point Extraction

Thani¹,

Dadoosh²,

Fahad³

et al. 2022

IJDDT

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In this study, we synthesized new sulfamethoxazole azo derivative by converted the SMZ drug to diazonium salt and coupling it with salbutamol in the alkaline medium to form an orange water-soluble azo dye that has a maximum absorption at λmax 450 nm. This reaction was used in the spectrophotometric determination of SMZ drug. It was obeyed to beer-lambert,s low over concentration between (10–100 mg.L-1) with LOD (0.507 mg.L-1), LOQ (1.5 mg.L-1) and molar absorptivity (2332.2 L.mol-1.cm-1). The approach indicated great sensitivity for the assessment of chosen medicine. Another method, a new cloud point extraction approach, was successfully used to extract the SMZ medication in its pure form as well as in pharmaceutical formulations. Due to its features and structure, non-ionic surfactant, also known as 2-[4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenoxy] ethanol, was chosen as the green extraction solvent in this study. The effect of several parameters on the CPE of Sulfamethoxazole, including as the type and volume of surfactant, salt, temperature, and incubation duration, was thoroughly researched, and a set of ideal conditions was established. The correlation coefficient (R2) for the calibration curve was found to be 0.9956. The limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ) and molar absorptivity were 0.122 mgL-1, 0.403 mg.L-1 and 11319.41 L.mol-1.cm-1, respectively.

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Analytical Method Development for the Spectrophotometric Determination of Sulfamethoxazole in Bulk Drug and Pharmaceutical Preparation

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Formulation, in vitro characterization and optimization of taste-masked orally disintegrating co-trimoxazole tablet by direct compression

Formulation, in vitro characterization and optimization of taste-masked orally disintegrating co-trimoxazole tablet by direct compression

Self-assembled peptide microspheres for sustainable release of sulfamethoxazole

Synthesis of New Azo Compound and its Application for Spectrophotometric Determination of Sulfamethoxazole and Extraction using Cloud Point Extraction

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