Anti-inflammatory activity of elicited soybean (Glycine max) extract on Balb/C mice (Mus musculus) with high-fat and -fructose diet

Abstract

Obesity causes adipocyte hypertrophy, which leads to cell death. Consequently, macrophages and lymphocytes infiltrate into the adipose tissue and elevate pro-inflammatory cytokine production through TLR activation. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of soybean extract, which was elicited by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and light, as an anti-inflammatory agent in mice with a high-fat and -fructose diet (HFFD). The elicited soybean extract (ESE) was administered orally to mice for four weeks after being given an HFFD for 20 weeks. Three different doses were used: (1) low-dose (78 mg/kg BW); (2) normal dose (104 mg/kg BW); and (3) high dose (130 mg/kg BW). HFFD mice model treated with simvastatin 2.8 mg/kg BW considered as drug control. After 24 weeks, the lymphocytes were isolated and the relative number of CD4 + TLR3 + T, CD4 + TLR4 + T, CD4 + TNF- α + T, and CD4 + IFN- γ + T cells were analysed using flow cytometry. The results showed that the HFFD mouse model had an increased number of CD4 + TLR3 + T, CD4 + TLR4 + T, CD4 + TNF- α + T, and CD4 + IFN- γ + T cells. ESE administration decreased the relative number of CD4 + TLR3 + T, CD4 + TLR4 + T, CD4 + TNF- α + T, and CD4 + IFN- γ + T cells. The normal dose of ESE is the most effective dose in suppressing inflammation compared to positive controls. ESE 104 mg/kg BW can be considered as an alternative herbal medicine that may suppress inflammation in HFFD mice.

Elicited soybean extract attenuates proinflammatory cytokines expression by modulating TLR3/TLR4 activation in high−fat, high−fructose diet mice

“…Studies demonstrated by Nur’aini et al. demonstrated that ESE administration suppressed the proinflammatory mediators expressed by CD4 and CD8 T cells [ 56 ]. These findings are consistent with our present result, in which the inhibition of CD11c + activity is followed by the restoration of naïve T cells after ESE administration ( Fig.…”

Black Soybean and Adzuki Bean Extracts Lower Blood Pressure by Modulating the Renin-Angiotensin System in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

“…Accordingly, various functionalities of black soybeans and adzuki beans have been reported. The ethanolic extracts of black soybeans, for instance, exerted notable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and antiplatelet activities [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. In addition, adzuki bean ethanolic extracts attenuated angiogenesis, diabetes, osteoporosis, muscle atrophy, and allergic inflammation, as well as delay in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”

Soybean Elicited with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Light Attenuates Stromal-Derived Factor-1 Associated with CXCR4 in High-Fat/Fructose Diet Mice

“…In addition, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and light act synergistically to enhance quadrupled glyceollin synthesis (Atho'illah et al 2017). Glyceollin is beneficial to health; it acts as an antioxidant (Kim et al 2011), has anti-inflammatory properties (Atho'illah et al 2018;Nur'aini et al 2019), improves erythroid progenitor capacity (Safitri et al 2017), and maintains the hematopoietic system (Safitri et al 2018).…”