Background The high−fat, high−fructose diet (HFFD) provokes overnutrition and inflammation directly, mainly through Toll−like receptors (TLRs). Soybean ( Glycine max L.) contains isoflavone that can be transformed into glyceollin by microbial and physical stimuli. Glyceollin possesses many beneficial effects on health. Objective This study evaluates the beneficial effect of soybean extract elicited by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and light (ESE) on dendritic cells (DCs) profile and naïve T cells in HFFD mice. Materials and methods Female Balb/C mice were fed with HFFD for 24 weeks then orally administered with simvastatin 2.8 mg/kg BW or ESE 78, 104, and 130 mg/kg BW at the last four weeks. The expression of splenic CD11c + TLR3 + , CD11c + TLR4 + , NFκB + , CD11c + IL-17 + , CD11c + TNF−α + , CD4 + CD62L + , and CD8 + CD62L + subsets was measured by flow cytometry. The molecular docking has been measured using Pyrx 0.8, displayed in PyMol and Biovia Discovery Studio. Result HFFD significantly increased CD11c + TLR3 + , CD11c + TLR4 + , NFκB + , CD11c + IL-17 + , CD11c + TNF−α + expression and decreased CD4 + CD62L + and CD8 + CD62L + ( p < 0.05) compared to normal diet (ND) groups. ESE reduced CD11c + TLR3 + , CD11c + TLR4 + , thereby decreasing NFκB + , as well as decreased the CD11c + IL−17 + , CD11c + TNF−α + , and restores CD4 + CD62L + and CD8 + CD62L + subsets in HFFD mice. Glyceollin II exhibited the best binding affinity with an average energy of −7.3 kcal/mol to TLR3 and −7.9 kcal/mol to TLR4. Conclusion The bioactive compound in ESE act synergistically to modulate TLR3/TLR4 activation, reduced NFκB, IL−17, and TNF−α, and restores naïve T cells expression in HFFD mice. ESE was a favorable candidate to mitigate chronic inflammation.

Introduction: The relationship between B cells and Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) under high fat−high fructose diet (HFFD) is still poorly understood. Isoflavone content from soybean can be modified by using biotic and abiotic elicitors to synthesize glyceollin. Glyceollin has gained much interest in recent past year due to its beneficial effects on health. The study aimed to examine the ameliorative effect of elicited soybean extract (ESE) on B cells profile in HFFD mice. Material and Methods: Twenty-eight female Balb/C mice were divided into normal diet (ND), ND + ESE 104 mg/kg, HFFD, HFFD + Simvastatin 2.8 mg/kg, ESE 78 mg/kg, 104 mg/kg, and 130 mg/kg, respectively. Mice were fed with HFFD for 24 weeks and ESE was administered orally per day at last 4 weeks. At week 24, the animals were sacrificed and the spleen was collected. B cells were labeled as B220 + TLR3 + , B220 + TLR4 + , B220 + NFκB-, and B220 + NFκB + and the B cells expression were measured by flow cytometry. Molecular modeling was performed by Pyrx 0.8 and visualized in PyMol. Results: The ESE treatment significantly decreased B220 + TLR3 + , B220 + TLR4 + , and B220 + NFκB + expression and restored B220 + NFκB − expression in HFFD mice (p<0.05). Glyceollin I exerted the lowest binding affinity with estimated energy was-7.0 kcal/mol at NFκB. Conclusions: ESE administration ameliorates HFFD-induced inflammation by modulating TLR3/TLR4 activation and prevents NFκB expression of B cells in HFFD mice. ESE exerts as a promising agent in the future and provides a better understanding mechanism to treat chronic inflammation caused by HFFD.

Obesity causes adipocyte hypertrophy, which leads to cell death. Consequently, macrophages and lymphocytes infiltrate into the adipose tissue and elevate pro-inflammatory cytokine production through TLR activation. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of soybean extract, which was elicited by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and light, as an anti-inflammatory agent in mice with a high-fat and -fructose diet (HFFD). The elicited soybean extract (ESE) was administered orally to mice for four weeks after being given an HFFD for 20 weeks. Three different doses were used: (1) low-dose (78 mg/kg BW); (2) normal dose (104 mg/kg BW); and (3) high dose (130 mg/kg BW). HFFD mice model treated with simvastatin 2.8 mg/kg BW considered as drug control. After 24 weeks, the lymphocytes were isolated and the relative number of CD4 + TLR3 + T, CD4 + TLR4 + T, CD4 + TNF- α + T, and CD4 + IFN- γ + T cells were analysed using flow cytometry. The results showed that the HFFD mouse model had an increased number of CD4 + TLR3 + T, CD4 + TLR4 + T, CD4 + TNF- α + T, and CD4 + IFN- γ + T cells. ESE administration decreased the relative number of CD4 + TLR3 + T, CD4 + TLR4 + T, CD4 + TNF- α + T, and CD4 + IFN- γ + T cells. The normal dose of ESE is the most effective dose in suppressing inflammation compared to positive controls. ESE 104 mg/kg BW can be considered as an alternative herbal medicine that may suppress inflammation in HFFD mice.

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AbstrakPenelitian endokrinologi anak di seluruh Indonesia pada Maret 2012 menunjukkan jumlah penderita diabetes usia anak-anak dan usia remaja dibawah 20 tahun terdata sebanyak 731 orang. Sedangkan Pusat Diabetes dan Nutrisi RSU Dr. Soetomo Surabaya tahun 2009 ada sebanyak 650.000 anak-anak Indonesia menderita diabetes mellitus dan sebagian besar diabetes tipe II. Kesehatan pada masyarakat tidak terlepas dari peran petugas dalam hal ini tenaga perawat untuk memberikan layanan secara optimal pada rumah sakit atau puskesmas. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sistem informasi asuhan keperawatan pada penderita Diabetes Melitus dengan menggunakan bahasa pengembangan PHP dan DBMS MySQL Sebagai media penyimpan data. Hasil penelitian berupa perangkat lunak yang dapat digunakan Rumah Sakit/Puskesmas Sebagai alat bantu bagi petugas layanan kesehatan dalam hal ini perawat /bidan dalam memberikan layanan kepada masyarakat, Perguruan Tinggi Kesehatan sebagai bahan pembelajaran bagi mahasiswa dalam hal ini perawat untuk dapat memahami tentang diagnosa keperawatan dan memadukannya dengan teknologi informasi dan bagi Perawat Sebagai alat bantu dalam melakukan diagnose suatu penyakit.Kata Kunci: Diabetes Melitus, perawat, asuhan keperawatan.