“… Released ions | Antibacterial mechanisms | Bacteria used for antibacterial assays | Ref. | Alkali and alkaline earth ions | CaO–P 2 O 5 –SiO 2 –RbO MBG scaffold; Forsterite scaffold | Ca 2+ , Na + , Mg 2+ , Rb + | Inducing the increase of solution pH and osmotic pressure | S. aureus , E. coli , S. epidermidis, P. aeruginosa | [ 30 , [57] , [58] , [59] , [60] , [61] , [62] ] |
Heavy metal ions | Ag@rGO modified β-TCP scaffold | Ag + | Inducing ROS; Breaking bacterial cell membranes | S. aureus , E.coli, Bacillus subtills | [ 19 , 35 , [63] , [64] , [65] , [66] , [67] , [68] , [69] , [70] , [71] , [72] , [73] , [74] ] |
PCL/SiO 2 –CaO–P 2 O 5 –ZnO MBG scaffold | Zn 2+ | Destabilizing membrane and enhancing permeability; Deactivating nucleic acids and enzymes; Killing bacterial by inducing ROS | E. coli , S. aureus | [ [75] , [76] , [77] , [78] , [79] , [80] , [81] ] |
SiO 2 –CaO–P 2 O ... |
…”