Antibiotic Prescription to Pediatric in Hospital Bengkulu, Indonesia: Atc/DDD Index

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the utilization of antibiotics for children in the General Hospital of Dr. M. Yunus Bengkulu, Indonesia by using the ATC/DDD index, which is accepted as a standard method.Methods: This study was descriptive analytic research with qualitative methods. Observations conducted over six months collecting retrospective prescribing data antibiotics in children admitted in January to June 2014. Data obtained assessed antibiotics prescribed in a quantity which is calculated using ATC/DDD index. In this study, DDDs of anti-infective agents are listed for systemic use, according to ATC/DDD 2016 Index. Data pediatric patients hospitalized amounted to 447 patients while fulfilling the inclusion criteria amounted to 103 medical records and the use of antibiotics which recorded 175 prescriptions.Results: The kind of antibiotics that are widely used are gentamicin (34.9%) and ampicillin (34.3%). The highest ACI based group is penicillin group antibiotics (ampicillin) is 26 DDD/100 bed-days. Highest DDDs in this study is ampicillin (101.7). Utilization of antibiotics in hospitals in Bengkulu, Indonesia to pediatric patient higher than suggested by the WHO is based on a quantitative analysis using the ACT/DDD index.Conclusion: Analysis of antibiotic use in children is not rationally quantitatively seen from the total value of ACI in one of the government hospital is very high compared to WHO standard and based on the most antibiotic type was ampicillin followed by gentamicin.

Evaluation of Antibiotics Used in Patients With Acute Respiratory Infections in a Hospital

“…The highest use of antibiotics was cefixime that reached as much as 36.84% [14]. The antibiotics prescribed in ARI patients need more attention by health professionals [15,16].…”

Profil Penggunaan Antibiotik Pada Pasien Pediatri Rujukan Berdasarkan Sistem Defined Daily Dose (DDD)

“…Berdasarkan perhitungan DDD/100 hari rawat subyek, terdapat 3 antibiotik berturut-turut yang memiliki nilai DDD/100 hari rawat terbesar diantaranya adalah antibiotik meropenem (J01DH02) sebesar 3,49 DDD/100 hari rawat, seftriakson (J01DD04) sebesar 1,97 DDD/100 hari rawat, dan gentamisin (J01GB03) sebesar 1,49 DDD/100 hari rawat (Tabel 2 dan Gambar 1). Hasil perhitungan DDD/100 hari rawat di atas dibandingkan dengan hasil studi konsumsi penggunaan antibiotik berdasarkan DDD/100 hari rawat pada pasien pediatri di RSUD Dr. M. Yunus Bengkulu terdapat perbedaan, yaitu total DDD/100 hari rawat sebesar 50,9 DDD/100 hari rawat, dimana urutan 3 antibiotik dengan nilai DDD/100 hari rawat terbesar diantaranya adalah antibiotik ampisilin (26,00 DDD/100 hari rawat), gentamisin (12,2 DDD/100 hari rawat), dan sefotaksim (5,1 DDD/100 hari rawat) [16]. Adanya perbedaan kasus yang dihadapi, menunjukkan bahwa jenis antibiotik dengan besar konsumsi antara pasien rujukan dan pasien biasa (non rujukan) berbeda, dimana pada pasien pediatri rujukan lebih banyak kasus berat sehingga penggunaan antibiotik cenderung pada antibiotik spektrum tinggi.…”

Antibiotic Prophylactics on Curettage for Preventing Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Events: Is It Necessary?

“…(i) Group A was a group of patients who received 1 × 2 g of prophylactic antibiotic cefazolin injection and 3 × 500 mg of post-antibiotic amoxicillin, (ii) Group B was a group of patients who received 1 × 2 g of prophylactic antibiotic cefazolin injection without post-antibiotics, and (iii) Group C was a group of patients who did not receive prophylactic antibiotics but received 3 × 500 mg of post-antibiotic amoxicillin. After 5-days follow-up, PID symptoms were identified by observation of the occurrence of leukocyte >10,500 mm 3 , erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) >15 mm/L, lower abdominal pain, temperature >38°C, changes in vaginal fluid characteristics including odor and consistency in vaginal discharge, and bleeding outside the menstrual cycle (irregular bleeding). The pain levels were measured with a numerical pain rating scale (NPRS).…”

“…The antibiotic discovery is confine [1], but there is an abundant use of antibiotics not only occur at community [2] but also at the hospital [3,4]. The perspective database (Premier Inc., Charlotte, NC), a voluntary database that captures data from >500 acute-care hospitals from throughout the United States, was used to analyze antibiotic use in women who underwent inpatient or outpatient gynecologic surgery between 2003 and the first quarter of 2010.…”