Antibody Levels in Milk of Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Cows against Organisms of Neonatal Diarrhoea

Abstract

Summary The development of antibody levels in colostrum and milk in 10 cows vaccinated twice subcutaneously in the dry period at an interval of 4 weeks with Lactovac® was investigated in a controlled study. Antibody levels to all five antigens involved were higher than those in 10 unvaccinated controls on days 1, 4, 7, 10 and 14 after calving. The degree of the increase differed from quota to quota and became smaller overall up to day 14. The greatest average increases were observed for the E. coli K 99 at 26.6 times higher on day 1, decreasing to 3.0 times on day 14. The lowest increases in antibody titre were observed for coronavirus at 1.5 times on day 1 and 1.8 times on day 14, and parvovirus at 3.0 and 1.2 times. Rotavirus antibodies were 12.8 (Holland strain) and 7.2 (strain 1005) times higher than controls on day 1, and on day 14 were 4.4 and 3.6 times higher respectively. Most of the differences were statistically significant. The different possibilities to detect efficacy of the vaccination of the dam are discussed. Zusammenfassung Antikörpertiter in der Milch gegen Erreger der neonatalen Diarrhoe bei geimpften und nicht geimpften Kühen In einem kontrollierten Versuch wurde der Verlauf spezifischer Antikörpertiter in Kolostrum und Milch von 10 Kühen, die zweimal während der Trockenstehphase im Abstand von 4 Wochen mit Lactovac® subkutan geimpft worden waren, untersucht. Für alle fünf enthaltenen Antigene ließ sich gegenüber 10 ungeimpften Kontrollen eine Steigerung der Milchantikörpertiter an den Tagen 1, 4, 7, 10 und 14 post partum zeigen. Die Steigerungsfaktoren differierten zwischen den einzelnen Quoten und nahmen zum Tag 14 hin überwiegend ab. Die höchsten durchschnittlichen Steigerungsfaktoren traten bei der E. coli K 99‐Quote auf mit 26,6 am Tag 1 bzw. 3,0 am Tag 14. Die geringste Steigerung der Antikörpertiter zeigten die Coronavirusquote mit 1,5 am Tag 1 und 1,8 am Tag 14 und die Parvovirusquote mit Faktor 2,0 bzw. 1,2. Die Rotavirus‐Antikörpertiter lagen am Tag 1 um den Faktor 12,8 (Stamm Holland) bzw. 7,2 (Stamm 1005), am Tag 14 um den Faktor 4,4 bzw. 3,6 über den Kontrollen. Die nachgewiesenen Unterschiede konnten in der Mehrzahl als statistisch signifikant gesichert werden. Die unterschiedlichen Ansatzpunkte für den Wirksamkeitsnachweis einer Muttertiervakzination werden diskutiert.

Serological, colostral and milk responses of cows vaccinated with a single dose of a combined vaccine against rotavirus, coronavirus and Escherichia coli F5 (K99)

“…These results agree with those of Acres and others (1979), Nagy (1980), Snodgrass and others (1980, 1982), Hess and others (1982), Castrucci and others (1984), Saif and others (1984) and Snodgrass (1986) who showed that the vaccination of cows with either E coli F5 (K99) antigen or rotavirus antigen alone or in combination induced levels of antibody in the milk which could provide significant protection against challenge. However, previous studies (Dauvergne and others 1983, Stepanek and others 1987, Wieda and others 1987, Mostl and Burkl 1988, Kohara and others 1997) have described only minimal increases or no increases in the levels of coronavirus antibody in either serum or milk after the vaccination of cows with preparations containing inactivated bovine coronavirus antigen, whereas the vaccine used in this study produced a significantly enhanced antibody response in the milk. The reasons for this difference are unclear but are most likely to be associated with the levels of coronavirus antigen incorporated into this new vaccine and the use of a highly effective adjuvant (Crouch 1985).…”

Copro‐antibody in Calves from Dams Vaccinated against Salmonella typhimurium

“…This Ig transfer capacity limit and the necessity t o protect the immuno-incompetent newborn (BANKS, 1982) are the reasons for passive immunization of calves by vaccination of pregnant cows, whereby the absorption capacity of the calf is optimally used for specific antibodies. Research work in this field has been re-commenced recently, and the pathogens studied include rotaand corona-parvovirus, and E. coli K 99 (EICHHORN et al, 1982;BACHMANN et al, 1985;WIEDA et al, 1987;BENGELSDORF et al, 1987). Vaccination against S. dublin and S. typhimurium has been investigated by MEYER et al (1993) and by STAAK et al (1989STAAK et al ( , 1990.…”

Enhancement of Passive Immunity with Maternal Vaccine against Newborn Calf Diarrhea.

“…Previous studies demonstrated that continuous feeding of colostrum from immunized cows prevented severe diarrhea and death in calves [1,10,12,14,18]. In North America and Europe, various maternal vaccines against calf diarrhea to enhance antibody titers in the colostrum and milk of cows have been developed [7,11,14,17,20]. By contrast, there are few reports on maternal vaccination to protect against calf diarrhea in Japan.…”

“…The calves were reared on their mothers. A commercial combination vaccine (Lactovac; Hoechst, Germany) was used [20], which contained inactivated group A BRV V1005/78 [G serotype 10 (G10), P genotype 5 (P5)] and Holland [G serotype 6 (G6), P genotype 1 (P1)] strains at both titers 10 7.5 TCID 50 /5 ml, BCV 800 strain at titer 10 7.5 TCID 50 /5 ml, bovine parvovirus (BPV) Haden strain at titer 10 7.7 TCID 50 /5 ml and E. coli-K99 pilus antigen at titer 512 HU/5 ml. The 48 pregnant cows were inoculated subcutaneously in the side of the neck with 5 ml of the vaccine at 6 to 11 weeks before calving.…”