Summary Investigations concerning the proof of BHV1 infection by an intradermal test II. Experiments A purified concentrated BHV1 antigen that had been tested in field trials was also tested under isolated conditions in BHV1 positive and negative cattle. The antigen proved to act specifically even after storage for 2 years at + 4 °C or for 6 months at 37 °C. The best results were obtained when the test was read 48–72 hours after the injection, which is in agreement with the field trials. The increase in skin thickness decreased unless boostered by infection or vaccination gradually. The test is unsuitable to control a vaccination programme. There was no correlation between the increase in thickness and humoral antibody titers. Repeated application of the intradermal injection of the antigen did not result in seroconversion in seronegative cattle. The biological limits of the test evaluation are discussed. Zusammenfassung Ein in Praxisversuchen bereits erprobtes, konzentriertes und gereinigtes BHV 1‐Intrakutantest‐antigen wurde in Experimenten unter isolierter Haltung an BHV 1‐seropositiven und ‐seronegativen Rindern geprüft. Die Untersuchungen ergaben Spezifität, mindestens 2jährige Haltbarkeit und über 6 Monate Thermostabilität bei bis zu 37 °C. In Übereinstimmung mit den Ergebnissen vorangegangener Feldversuche war der beste Kontrollzeitpunkt der Hautdickenzunahme am 2. und 3. Tag nach Testansatz. Die Hautdickenzunahme von BHV 1‐infizierten Rindern nahm ohne deren Boostermöglichkeit in zahlreichen Einzelfällen mit zunehmendem Abstand vom Infektionstermin ab. Zur Kontrolle eines BHV 1‐Impferfolges war der Intrakutantest nicht geeignet. Eine Korrelation zwischen Stärke der Hautdickenzunahme und Höhe der Antikörpertiter beim Einzeltier wurde nicht beobachtet. Eine wiederholte Anwendung des Intrakutantestes bei BHV 1‐negativen Rindern führte nicht zur Stimulation zellvermittelter oder humoraler Antikörper. Die biologisch bedingten Grenzen der Testbewertung werden diskutiert.
Summary The development of antibody levels in colostrum and milk in 10 cows vaccinated twice subcutaneously in the dry period at an interval of 4 weeks with Lactovac® was investigated in a controlled study. Antibody levels to all five antigens involved were higher than those in 10 unvaccinated controls on days 1, 4, 7, 10 and 14 after calving. The degree of the increase differed from quota to quota and became smaller overall up to day 14. The greatest average increases were observed for the E. coli K 99 at 26.6 times higher on day 1, decreasing to 3.0 times on day 14. The lowest increases in antibody titre were observed for coronavirus at 1.5 times on day 1 and 1.8 times on day 14, and parvovirus at 3.0 and 1.2 times. Rotavirus antibodies were 12.8 (Holland strain) and 7.2 (strain 1005) times higher than controls on day 1, and on day 14 were 4.4 and 3.6 times higher respectively. Most of the differences were statistically significant. The different possibilities to detect efficacy of the vaccination of the dam are discussed. Zusammenfassung Antikörpertiter in der Milch gegen Erreger der neonatalen Diarrhoe bei geimpften und nicht geimpften Kühen In einem kontrollierten Versuch wurde der Verlauf spezifischer Antikörpertiter in Kolostrum und Milch von 10 Kühen, die zweimal während der Trockenstehphase im Abstand von 4 Wochen mit Lactovac® subkutan geimpft worden waren, untersucht. Für alle fünf enthaltenen Antigene ließ sich gegenüber 10 ungeimpften Kontrollen eine Steigerung der Milchantikörpertiter an den Tagen 1, 4, 7, 10 und 14 post partum zeigen. Die Steigerungsfaktoren differierten zwischen den einzelnen Quoten und nahmen zum Tag 14 hin überwiegend ab. Die höchsten durchschnittlichen Steigerungsfaktoren traten bei der E. coli K 99‐Quote auf mit 26,6 am Tag 1 bzw. 3,0 am Tag 14. Die geringste Steigerung der Antikörpertiter zeigten die Coronavirusquote mit 1,5 am Tag 1 und 1,8 am Tag 14 und die Parvovirusquote mit Faktor 2,0 bzw. 1,2. Die Rotavirus‐Antikörpertiter lagen am Tag 1 um den Faktor 12,8 (Stamm Holland) bzw. 7,2 (Stamm 1005), am Tag 14 um den Faktor 4,4 bzw. 3,6 über den Kontrollen. Die nachgewiesenen Unterschiede konnten in der Mehrzahl als statistisch signifikant gesichert werden. Die unterschiedlichen Ansatzpunkte für den Wirksamkeitsnachweis einer Muttertiervakzination werden diskutiert.
Studies on an intradermal test for the diagnosis of BHVl infectionAn intradermal test (delayed hypersensitivity test) for the diagnosis of BHVl infection was evaluated in 791 cattle of 16 dairy farms. The skin reactions were compared with the results of serological examinations using a commercial BHVl ELISA kit (Trachitest).As antigen concentrated, purified and inactivated BHVl was used. The skin reaction (increase of the skin fold thickness) was used for the interpretation of test results.The best results were obtained with the control of the skin reaction on the third day after injection of the antigen.From 393 serologically BHVl negative cattle with an age of more than 6 months 391 (99.5 Yo) had a skin reaction up to 1.0mm and 2 animals (0.5 %) had a reaction of 1.3 and 1.9mm, respectively.The mean increase of skin fold thickness was 0.2 mm.Out of 291 serologically BHVl positive cattle with an age of more than 6 months 270 had antibodies from natural infection and, partially, from additional vaccination with inactivated BHVl vaccine. 266 (98.5 %) of these animals showed a skin reaction of more than 2.0 mm, in 3 animals (1.1 Yo) a skin reaction up to 1.0 mm was observed and 1 animal (0.4 %) had a reaction of 2.0mm. The mean increase of the skin fold thickness was 6.3 mm. 21 animals had BHVl antibodies only because of vaccination with inactivated BHVl vaccine. Only 4 animals had a skin reaction of more than 2.0 mm.Among 107 animals with an age up to 6 months 30 were serologically BHVl positive and 77 were BHVl negative. In all animals the skin reaction was less than l.Omm, the mean was 0.2mm. EinleitungFur den Nachweis des bovinen Herpesvirus Typ 1 (BHV 1; IBWIPV-Virus) stehen heute zuverlissige labordiagnostische Verfahren zur Verfugung. Z u m direkten Virusnachweis werden die Virusisolierung aus Sekreten, Exkreten und Organen infizierter Tiere unter Verwendung von Zellkulturen oder die Immunfluoreszenztechnik an Organmaterial angewandt.
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