Antifungal Activity of Compounds obtained from Sawdust and Stem Bark of Sasswood Tree (<i>Erythrophleum suaveolens</i>) on Wood Rot Fungi

Abstract

Extracts and compounds from the sawdust and stem bark of Erythrophleum suaveolens were studied for antifungal activity. The plant materials were extracted using hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol to obtain the crude extracts. Column chromatography over silica gel was used to purify the extracts and obtain pure compounds. Betulin and 21acetoxylupenone were obtained from the stem bark and cycloeucalenol from the sawdust. The compounds were very active on most of the fungi with zones of inhibition between 18 to 23 mm. Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) was highest at 50 µg/mL against Aspergillus fumigatus, Coniophora puteana, Fibroporia vaillantii, Fomitopsis pinicoca, Gloeophyllum sepiarium, Phaeolus schweinitzii and Rhizopus spp. whereas antifungal activity was least at MFC of 200 µg/mL. The study demonstrated that E. suaveolens stem bark and sawdust isolates possess antifungal activity and could be used in the control of the soft-rot, brown-rot, wet rot and white-rot of wood and diseases caused by wood fungi.

Assessment of Erythrophleum suaveolens (Brenan) leaves and stem bark water extracts antifungal potency on Aspergillus flavus incidence from maize (Zea mays L.) seeds

“…4. Ekhuemelo et al (2019), E. suaveolens stem bark and sawdust have been reported to be used in controlling wood diseases such as soft, brown, wet and white rot caused by A. fumigatus, Coniophora puteana, Fibroporia vaillantii, Gloeophyllum sepiarium, Phaeolus schweinitzii and Rhizopus sp. The F. vaillantii wet rot infection had been reported to be effectively treated by ES-24 and ES-28 which are isolates of E. suaveolens stem bark (Property Care Association (PCA), 2016); they are also effective against Fomitopsis pinicoca and Gloeophyllum sepiarium wood stem decay infection (Haight et al, 2016).…”

Deep-Sea Natural Products from Extreme Environments: Cold Seeps and Hydrothermal Vents

“…Novel fatty acids (1-10) (Figure 1) were purified from the two cold-seep-derived mussels Bathymodiolus japonicus and B. platifrons, collected at a depth of 1209 m at latitude 35 • The cold-seep clam Calyptogena phaseoliformis, collected in the Japan Trench at a depth of 6354-6367 m, yielded eight novel fatty acids (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18) (Figure 1). They were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of 4,4-dimethyloxazoline derivatives.…”

“…Cycloeucalenol (20) had been reported in the form of cycloeucalenol trans-ferulate in rice germ and was also found in Tinospora cordifolia or Guduchi. Its biological effects include cardiotonic [17], anti-fungal [18], and antiinflammatory activities [15]. Compound 21 was evaluated for its cytotoxicity against MCF-7 and MDA-MB231, which clearly inhibited cell growth, with IC 50 values of 29.33 ± 1.52 and 41.81 ± 2.42 µM, respectively [19].…”

Evaluation of Charcoal Usage and Its Influence on Deforestation in Makurdi Metropolis Benue State, Nigeria

“…Charcoal is reported to be a significant domestic product for decades and has extensive market acceptance (D. O. Ekhuemelo et al, 2019). Charcoal is found to be the primary urban fuel in most of Africa and around developed countries and is a major source of income (Jamala et al, 2013).…”

“…It is utilized for a variety of purposes both domestic and industrial (Tee et al, 2009). According to Ekhuemelo et al (2019), charcoal production was regarded as one of the activities leading to uncontrolled clearing of forest cover in Nigeria, which is worsened by unlawful commercial logging. Nigeria has the world highest deforestation rate of primary forests according to revised deforestation figures.…”