Antimicrobial activity of extracts and topical products of the stem bark of <i>Spathodea campanulata</i> for wound healing

Abstract

The antibacterial activity of the aqueous, ethanol, methanol and petroleum ether Soxhlet extracts of sundried stem bark of Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv. (Bignoniaceae) was investigated by testing the extracts against B. subtilis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the methanol extract was determined against the four bacteria strains and C. albicans using the broth dilution method. Four topical products were prepared by incorporating the methanol extract of S. campanulata (20 % w/w) into aqueous cream, soft paraffin, emulsifying ointment and simple ointment bases and evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial efficacy. The effect of storage time on the activity of the methanol extract of S. campanulata and S. campanulata extract incorporated in aqueous cream base was also investigated. The methanol and ethanol extracts showed good activity while the aqueous and petroleum ether extracts exhibited little activity. The methanol extract showed the best antibacterial activity. The MIC of the methanol extract of S. campanulata was: C. albicans (45 -50 mg/ml), B. subtilis and E. coli (50 -55 mg/ml), P. aeruginosa (60 -65 mg/ml), S. aureus (145 -150 mg/ml). Antimicrobial activity of S. campanulata in the topical bases was in the order: aqueous cream > emulsifying ointment > simple ointment > white soft paraffin. Antimicrobial activity of S. campanulata in aqueous cream decreased (p < 0.05) upon storage at room temperature for 6-months. The antifungal activity of the methanol extract of S. campanulata was reduced (p < 0.05) upon storage while antibacterial activity was largely unaffected.

Wound Healing Potential of Formulated Extract from Hibiscus Sabdariffa Calyx

“…The benefits of antimicrobials in wound management have been established in numerous studies suggesting accelerated healing with either systemic or topical application of antibiotics,[42] thus, endorse antimicrobial activity as a mechanism of wound healing. [4143–45] The extract does not have antibacterial effect against the selected organisms in this study suggesting that the pro-wound healing activity of H. sabdariffa extract may be by a mechanism other than antibacterial activity.…”

“…[41] Prolongation of wound healing often results in prolonged trauma and secondary infections. [43] Further complication may occur when wound are infected with tetanus, or colonising bacteria escape from the primary location of the wound and enter the blood leading to septicemia. Severity of the wounds and/or poor state of health of the individual are among the factors that prolong wound healing.…”

“…A large number of plants with antimicrobial activity have shown effective wound healing activities others without no antimicrobial potential has also modulated wound repairs. [94354] The wound healing characteristics of the creams are presented in fig. 3 and 4.…”

Plant Profile, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Spathodea Campanulata P. Beauvais (African Tulip Tree): A Review

“…For the ethanol extract, antibacterial activity followed the order: B. subtilis>E. coli>P. aeruginosa>S. aureus. On the whole, the methanol extract of the stem bark of Spathodea campanulata P. beauv showed the highest antibacterial activity against the test organisms [26].…”

Wound healing activity in rabbits and antimicrobial activity of Hibiscus hirtus ethanolic extract

“…Most infections on wounds are typically caused by common body bacteria flora (Gbedema et al, 2010). Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Echerichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus were selected as they comprise the bacteria that commonly colonize open wounds to cause poor healing .The benefits of antimicrobials in wound management have been established in numerous studies suggesting accelerated healing with either systemic or topical application of antibiotics (Langford, Artemi, Benrimoj, 1997), thus, endorse antimicrobial activity as a mechanism of wound healing (Ofori-Kwakye et al 2009;Mbosso et al, 2008;Mensah et al, 2006). The extract has an antibacterial effect against the selected organisms in this study suggesting that the wound healing activity of HH extract may be by an antibacterial activity mechanism.…”