Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilm Formation inEnterococcusspp. Isolated from Humans and Turkeys in Poland

Abstract

Enterococci are a natural component of the intestinal flora of many organisms, including humans and birds. As opportunistic pathogens, they can cause fatal infections of the urinary tract and endocarditis in humans, whereas in poultry symptoms are joint disease, sepsis, and falls in the first week of life. The study covered 107 Enterococcus strains—56 isolated from humans and 51 from turkeys. Among the isolates investigated Enterococcus faecalis was detected in 80.36% of human and 80.39% of turkey samples. Enterococcus faecium was identified in 8.93% of human and 17.65% of turkey strains. The highest percentage of the strains was resistant to tetracycline as follows: 48 (85.71%) and 48 (94.12%) of human and turkey strains, respectively. Resistance to erythromycin occurred in 37.50% of the human and in 76.47% of turkey strains, otherwise 27.10% of all strains showed resistance to ciprofloxacin. Our study revealed that 25% of human and 15.69% of turkey strains were resistant to vancomycin. Multidrug resistance showed in 32.14% and 43.14% of human and turkey strains, respectively. The tetracycline resistance gene, tetM, was detected in 82.24% of all strains analyzed, whereas the tetO gene was found in 53.57% of human but only in 7.84% of turkey strains. The vancomycin resistance gene ( vanA ) was detected in seven Enterococcus strains (six isolated from turkeys and one from humans). The ermB gene (resistance to macrolide) was detected in 55.14% of all isolates (42.86% of human and 68.63% of turkey strains), whereas the ermA gene was detected in 17.65% of turkey but only in 3.57% of human isolates. All the strains had the ability to form biofilms. A stronger biofilm was formed after 24-hour incubation by strains isolated from turkeys, whereas after 48 hours of incubation all examined strains produced strong biofilm.

Changes in the diversity and composition of gut microbiota in pigeon squabs infected with Trichomonas gallinae

“…In present study, the genera abundances of Enterococcus and Atopobium were significantly increased in the small intestinal tract of Trichomonas infected birds, especially in LG group. It was suggested that Enterococcus species emerged as important pathogens in chicken, duck and pigeon due to their intrinsic or acquired resistance to a number of antibiotics 65 – 67 . Atopobium vaginae may be the marker for the bacterial vaginosis of woman 68 .…”

Antibiotics Resistance inEnterococcusIsolates From Poultry Waste

“…Issues related to the infection of chicken broilers and laying hens by enterococci are not fully understood and are controversial. In the pathology of birds, the most important is Enterococcus faecalis, then E. faecium, E. hirae, E. cecorum and E. durans [26][27][28], and only E. faecalis and E. faecium were found in the poultry waste tested.…”

Biofilm Producing Enterococcus Isolates from Vaginal Microbiota

“…This is similar to the findings of Anna Sienko where antimicrobial resistance was significantly related to biofilm production [ 35 ]. Another study also showed that antimicrobial resistance was more common in the biofilm producing Enterococcus isolates [ 36 ]. In the current study multidrug resistance had a significant association with the biofilm production.…”