Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Bischofia javanica (Blume) Leaf Methanol Extracts through the Regulation of Nrf2 and TAK1

Abstract

Bischofia javanica (Blume) has been traditionally used to treat inflammatory diseases such as tonsillitis and ulcers throughout Asia, including China, Indonesia, and the Philippines: however, the molecular mechanisms by which B. javanica exerts its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties remain largely unknown. In this study, we analyzed the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of methanol extracts of B. javanica leaves (MBJ) in vitro and in vivo. MBJ decreased nitric oxide (NO) production and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 cells. The observed suppression of inflammatory responses by MBJ was correlated with an inhibition of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Additionally, MBJ induced nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor that upregulates the expression of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant genes. Furthermore, MBJ exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in an acute hepatitis mouse model. In conclusion, our results confirm the medicinal properties of B. javanica, and therefore MBJ could be applied to improve inflammatory and redox imbalances in different types of pathologies.

Immunomodulatory activity of Pepolo (Bischofia javanica Blume) stem bark ethanolic extract in Staphylococcus aureus-stimulated macrophages and anticancer activity against MCF-7 cancer cells

“…Geographically, Pepolo is native to South Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia, and China, and it is widely distributed across Western India, Southern Japan, Eastern Australia, the Pacific, O n l i n e F i r s t and the Indonesian Archipelago (Kundu et al, 2020). Several studies have demonstrated the pharmacological action of Pepolo as an anti-inflammatory (leaves), antioxidant (bark and leaves), antileukemic (leaves), antimicrobial, antiallergic, antitussive (leaves), anthelmintic (leaves), antidiarrheal (stem bark), antidiabetic, antinematode, and antimicrobial agent and as a hair growth stimulant (stem and leaf bark) an antiaging agent for the skin and for treating burns (bark) (Kundu et al, 2012;Lee et al, 2021;Lingadurai et al, 2011;Rajbongshi et al 2014).…”