Antioxidant, antibacterial, and antimutagenic activity of Piper nigrum seeds extracts

Abstract

Piper nigrum is a widely used plant in traditional remedies and known for its numerous biological properties. However, fraction-based antioxidant activity and their antimutagenic potential are not yet fully investigated. Different extracts of the seeds P. nigrum were obtained by sequential extraction in different solvents. All extracts were evaluated for antibacterial and antioxidant activities using different methods. The most active fraction was analyzed for antimutagenic activity using the Ames Salmonella test. The antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was found to be more prominent compared to ESβL producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. The MIC values were found to be lower against MRSA than K. pneumoniae . The extract showing highest antioxidant activity (methanol extract) was further tested for antimutagenic activity both against direct and indirect-acting mutagens. A varying level of antimutagenic activity was shown by methanol extract at highest tested concentration (200 µg/plate). Alkaloids, phenols, and flavonoids were detected as major class of compounds in methanol extract. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis showed the presence of various phytocompounds. Based on molecular docking of two major active phytocompounds (piperine and copaene), they were found to interact at the minor groove of DNA. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation revealed that both the ligands were quite stable with DNA under physiological conditions. The ability of phytocompounds to interact with DNA might be reducing the interaction of mutagens and could be one of the possible mechanism of anti-mutagenic activity of P. nigrum extract. This study highlights the antioxidant and antimutagenic potential of Piper nigrum . The role of phytocompounds present in the bioactive extract is needed to be explored further for herbal drug research.

Evaluation of Anti-Candida Potential of Piper nigrum Extract in Inhibiting Growth, Yeast-Hyphal Transition, Virulent Enzymes, and Biofilm Formation

“…However, the search for natural compounds with antifungal activity is less studied. Interestingly, P. nigrum has exhibited a broad spectrum of activity [ 46 , 47 ]. Therefore, we evaluated the antifungal activity of P. nigrum against clinical isolates of C. albicans .…”

“…P. nigrum , has a variety of active metabolites that act as a defense system against various pathogenic agents [ 45 ]. Additionally, a recent study highlights the antioxidant, antibacterial and antimutagenic potential of P. nigrum seeds extracts [ 46 ]. Antifungal activity against Candida spp.…”

Development and Evaluation of Polyherbal Formulations for Hepatoprotective Activity

“…The two polyherbal formulations (capsules, suspension) were developed with the combination of powders of RC leaves, AS cloves, and PN seeds for hepatoprotective action as these already proved to possess good antioxidant activity individually. [24][25][26] The plants were also claimed to use in liver diseases. Hence, the present study initiated the development of one solid dosage form (capsules) for adults and one liquid dosage form (suspension) for easy administration to pediatric and geriatric patients.…”

Potential of medicinal plants for internal diseases in the dayak jangkang community, sanggau regency, west kalimantan, indonesia

“…Piper crocatum is used traditionally to heal diabetic wounds, inhibit bacterial growth, and as an antiseptic (Edikresnha, Suciati, Suprijadi & Khairurrijal, 2021;Setyawati, Wahyuningsih, Nugrahaningsih, Effendy, Fneish & Fortwengel, 2021). Piper nigrum is widely used in traditional medicine and has many biological properties such as antioxidant, antibacterial, and antimutagenic (Zahin, Bokhari, Ahmad, Husain, Althubiani, Alruways, Perveen & Shalawi, 2021).…”