“…The most common extraction techniques are liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) and conventional solid‐phase extraction (SPE). In recent years, microextraction techniques (METs), including hollow‐fiber liquid‐phase microextraction (HF‐LPME) (Bahrami et al, 2018), dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) (Gu et al, 2020), solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) (Barua et al, 2008; Pacenti et al, 2008), microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) (Kurd et al, 2022; Rahimpoor et al, 2019; Soleimani et al, 2018), as well as purge and trap thermal desorption (PTTD) (Prieto et al, 2000) and ‘dilute‐and‐shoot’ approach have also been developed (Rosa, 2013; Šperlingová et al, 2004). The methods provided good figures of merit, including low detection limits, broad linear range, and appropriate recoveries and precisions.…”