Application of Oil Palm Wood Flour as Fillers in Polypropylene

Zaini, M. J.; Ismail, Zarini; Fuad, M. Y. Ahmad; Mustafah, J.

doi:10.1295/polymj.26.637

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Therefore a gradual decline in impact strength is observed upon addition of CPO to LLDPE. A similar observation was also recorded by Zaini et al [9] in their report on the polypropylene=filler system.…”

Section: Impact Strengthsupporting

confidence: 87%

Physical Properties of Polyethylene Modified with Crude Palm Oil

Ratnam

Min

Chuah

et al. 2006

Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering

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The influence of small amount of crude palm oil (CPO) content on the physical properties of high density polyethylene (HDPE) and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) was investigated. The HDPE and LLDPE containing 2%, 3%, and 5% CPO were prepared in a twin-screw extruder. Then films of 0.2 mm thickness were produced by using blown film technique. The improvement in tensile strength and elongation at break with a concurrent decline in density implied the enhancement in toughness of the polymers by the addition of CPO. A gradual increase in impact strength of HDPE with the CPO content further supported the previous notation. The enhancement in the physical properties in the presence of CPO is believed to be attributed to the increased chain mobility of the polymer along with improved orientation strengthening in HDPE and LLDPE. Evidence from scanning electron micrographs was also used to support this contention. The decline in impact strength of LLDPE with the addition of CPO is associated with the formation of defects in the amorphous phase of LLDPE.

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Section: Impact Strengthsupporting

confidence: 87%

Physical Properties of Polyethylene Modified with Crude Palm Oil

Ratnam

Min

Chuah

et al. 2006

Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering

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“…The rise in Young's modulus in the composites containing WF corresponded with studies that have investigated the properties of composites made from linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) reinforced with WF . The LDPE/WF composites displayed significant drops in the tensile strength and strain at break values; this was likely to have been caused by the high particle size and incompatibility of WF with the polymer matrix, as reported in many studies . We affirmed that the resulting mechanical properties were set by the compatibility of the filler and the polymer matrix.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 62%

“…30 The LDPE/WF composites displayed significant drops in the tensile strength and strain at break values; this was likely to have been caused by the high particle size and incompatibility of WF with the polymer matrix, as reported in many studies. 31 We affirmed that the resulting mechanical properties were set by the compatibility of the filler and the polymer matrix. MS and TC were more ARTICLE WILEYONLINELIBRARY.COM/APP compatible with the polymer matrix than WF; this was also confirmed by SEM.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Antibacterial polymer composites based on low‐density polyethylene and essential oils immobilized on various solid carriers

Urbánková

Hrabalíková

Poljanšek

et al. 2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this study, we investigated the antibacterial modification of polymers with biologically active substances in essential oils [EOs; linalool, 4-allylanisole (ALY), and trans-anethole]. These compounds were thermoplastically incorporated into a low-density polyethylene matrix via solid inert carriers [wood flour (WF) and talc and molecular sieves] with physically immobilized EOs. The concentrations of the antibacterial modifiers on the carriers and in the resulting composites were determined with three chromatographic techniques (gas chromatography with mass spectrometry, pyrolysis and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry, and high-performance liquid chromatography). The effects of such modifications to the mechanical properties of the prepared composites were studied by stress-strain analysis. Interactions on the polymer matrix carriers were observed by scanning electron microscopy.The prepared composites were also tested for antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains. The highest efficiency of isothermal immobilization was found for systems consisting of ALY and WF. This finding was in accordance with microbiological studies. The phase of immobilizing the EOs did not influence the mechanical properties of the studied composites.

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“…Figure shows the surface plots of heat distortion temperature as a function of filler size and lignin factor at each filler concentration. Previous studies on biomass‐filled polypropylene composites also showed higher heat distortion temperatures compared to neat polypropylene . The increase in heat distortion temperature can be explained by the fillers restricting mobility of the polymer chains, leading to higher temperatures for deformation .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The response surface model had an R 2 value of 0.91, indicating a very good fit to the model. Previous studies had found that addition of fillers reduced tensile strength of the composites to below that of the neat polymer matrix . This was due to the fillers not being able to support stress transfer from the matrix.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Torrefied biomass‐polypropylene composites

Chiou¹,

Valenzuela-Medina²,

Wechsler³

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Torrefied almond shells and wood chips were incorporated into polypropylene as fillers to produce torrefied biomasspolymer composites. The composites were prepared by extrusion and injection molding. Response surface methodology was used to examine the effects of filler concentration, filler size, and lignin factor (relative lignin to cellulose concentration) on the material properties of the composites. The heat distortion temperatures, thermal properties, and tensile properties of the composites were characterized by thermomechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and tensile tests, respectively. The torrefied biomass composites had heat distortion temperatures of 8-24 C higher than that of neat polypropylene. This was due to the torrefied biomass restricting mobility of polypropylene chains, leading to higher temperatures for deformation. The incorporation of torrefied biomass generally resulted in an increase in glass transition temperature, but did not affect melting temperature. Also, the composites had lower tensile strength and elongation at break values than those of neat polypropylene, indicating weak adhesion between torrefied biomass and polypropylene. However, scanning electron microscopy results did indicate some adhesion between torrefied biomass and polypropylene.

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Application of Oil Palm Wood Flour as Fillers in Polypropylene

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Physical Properties of Polyethylene Modified with Crude Palm Oil

Physical Properties of Polyethylene Modified with Crude Palm Oil

Antibacterial polymer composites based on low‐density polyethylene and essential oils immobilized on various solid carriers

Torrefied biomass‐polypropylene composites

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