Application of sweeping to micellar electrokinetic chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometric analysis of environmental pollutants

Abstract

An application study of sweeping, an on-line sample concentration technique, to micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) directly combined with mass spectrometry (MS) using an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) interface, namely MEKC-APCI-MS, was investigated to enhance the concentration sensitivity for the analysis of environmental pollutants. Under a neutral condition, around 100-fold increase in the concentration sensitivity was achieved for several aromatic amines and alkyl phthalates as test samples by sweeping-MEKC-APCI-MS compared to conventional MEKC-APCI-MS, whereas under an acidic condition, 100 to 600-fold sensitivity enhancement was gained for similar solutes. Linearity of the corrected peak area obtained in the mass chromatogram against the sample concentration was examined for 3,4-dichloroaniline and diisopropyl phthalate (DIPP). The estimated limits of detection for 3,4-dichloroaniline and DIPP were 0.6 and 0.4 ppm, respectively, in terms of the injected sample concentration.

Reactivity of a luminescent “off–on” pyrylium dye toward various classes of amines and its use in a fluorescence sensor microtiter plate for environmental samples

“…Methods for quantitation of aliphatic amines in water and soil include gas chromatography (GC) [3,4], high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) [1,5]. GC is frequently combined with solid-phase microextraction [3] or headspace microextraction [4] for pre-concentration.…”

“…GC is frequently combined with solid-phase microextraction [3] or headspace microextraction [4] for pre-concentration. CE methods mostly employ micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) and sometimes are combined with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (APCI-MS) [5]. HPLC is assisted by derivatization (pre-colum, on-column, solid-support assisted off-line derivatization on C 18 SPE cartridges) [6], fluorescence derivatization [7] and fluorescence derivatization hyphenated with mass spectrometric detection [8].…”

Coupling CE with atmospheric pressure photoionization MS for pharmaceutical basic compounds: Optimization of operating parameters

“…Furthermore, they simultaneously cover different analyte polarity ranges. Some attempts were reported for CE-APCI/MS hyphenation [21][22][23][24], but led to very poor sensitivities because most of APCI interfaces initially designed for LC-MS and adapted to CE-MS were optimized for high flow rates. Tanaka et al [21] reported LODs in the range of 25-50 mg/mL for basic drugs analyzed by CE-APCI/MS.…”

Recent Developments in Capillary Electrophoresis–Mass Spectrometry of Proteins and Peptides

“…86 APCI is tolerant of the presence of non-volatile sample components; hence, it could be coupled directly with micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). 87,88 An ICP is a high-temperature source (usually ionized argon, "plasma") sustained with an electromagnetic field. Ionization ensues after the aerosolized sample has penetrated the plasma, and the formed ions (mostly singly charged) are detected by MS. 85 ICP-MS is widely employed for trace metal analysis.…”