Applications of proteomics in cartilage biology and osteoarthritis research

Abstract

In osteoarthritis (OA) the turnover of extracellular matrix (ECM) macromolecules is disrupted by catabolic changes that lead to the production of a range of inflammatory mediators and the loss and fragmentation of proteoglycans, fibrillar and non-fibrillar collagens. These events result in the degradation and release of ECM fragments, which are potential biomarkers that can be detected in synovial fluid, blood and urine. Proteomics is increasingly applied in cartilage research and has the potential to advance our understanding of the biology of this tissue. It can also provide mechanistic insight into disease pathogenesis and progression and facilitate biomarker discovery. Here we review the area of cartilage and chondrocyte proteomics and published studies relevant to arthritis and OA biomarkers, highlighting areas of current and future research and development. Markers of tissue turnover in joints have the capacity to reflect disease-relevant biological activity potentially enabling a more rational approach to healthcare management. Therefore proteomic studies of cartilage, chondrocytes and their subcellular fractions and other joint cells and tissues may be particularly relevant in diagnostic orthopedics and therapeutic research.

Targeted proteomics of hip articular cartilage in OA and fracture patients

“…5 An increasing number of studies have examined normal and OA articular cartilage, in humans and animals, to shed light on biology and composition of cartilage and the pathological processes leading to OA. [6][7][8][9] They suggest that the degradation and release of molecules from cartilage to body fluids varies according to status and severity of the pathological process. It has been shown that for example, the concentration of released cartilage oligomeric protein (COMP) may indicate the severity of the disease.…”

Evaluation of a Pretreatment Method for Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis of Synovial Fluid Using Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein as a Marker

“…Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that is characterized by progressive cartilage destruction and bone changes, accompanied by synovial inflammation [5]. A major objective for OA research is the development of early diagnostic technologies, including those based on genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics [7,15]. Proteomic tools have been used to discover diagnostic or therapeutic biomarkers in OA [2,9].…”

Application of Machine Learning to Proteomics Data: Classification and Biomarker Identification in Postgenomics Biology

“…Investigations that involve multiple types of omics data can also aid in the identification of biomarkers, for example, investigations into potential biomarkers in cartilage and chondrocytes are using both transcriptomics and proteomics data (Lewis et al, 2013;Mobasheri, 2012;Williams et al, 2011). Machine learning analysis requires large datasets and so it is essential to consider the number and type of samples that will be generated and their suitability for the application of machine learning.…”