As Relações De Gênero Na História Das Ciências: Contra Todas as Probabilidades, as Mulheres Participaram Do Progresso Científico E Tecnológico

Abstract

Resumo: O presente estudo tem por objetivo resgatar a história de mulheres cientistas nos principais períodos históricos do mundo ocidental, afim de demostrar que as mulheres participaram dos progressos científicos e tecnológicos, apesar das dificuldades e preconceitos encontrados. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica. Na primeira parte do estudo apresentam-se as principais teorias que justificaram o afastamento das mulheres das práticas científicas. Na segunda parte resgata-se a vida e alguns fatos envolvendo mulheres cientistas através dos séculos da história ocidental. Conclui-se que a participação das mulheres na história das ciências foi efetiva e poderia ter sido muito maior sem os entraves encontrados. Palavras-chaves: Gênero. Ciência. Mulheres cientistas.

A reflection on the role of women in Science, Dentistry and Brazilian Orthodontics

“…1 Certainly, women have actively contributed to the progress of Science, in several fields, in the various periods of Western history. 1 , 2 …”

“…This explains, in part, why so few women have been recognized amongst the ranks of the great scientists. Certainly, historically, there was no shortage of women scientists, but many have been “forgotten” 2 . Since the research history has been predominantly recorded by men, women have been made almost “invisible”.…”

“…The knowledge accumulated over millennia constituted almost the entire pharmacopoeia until the advent of therapeutic chemistry. 2 …”

“…Also, female doctors were considered equal to their male colleagues, a unique situation in history, which would only occur again in the 20 th century. 2 …”

“…Italy continued to be an exception to this rule. 2 At the onset of the 15 th century, in France, the right to education had become the primary demand of women, based on the literary works of Christine de Pizan ( Querelle des Femmes and La Cité des Dames , 1405) 4 , who put the question of women’s education at the center of this debate, against the accepted notion of their physical, intellectual and moral weakness (Fig 1). Christine stated that “if girls received the same education as boys and if they were methodically taught sciences, they would learn and understand the difficulties of all arts and all sciences as well as them” (men).…”