Association of acute equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM) with fumonisins concentrations in corn stover in an outbreak in the state of Jalisco, Mexico

Reyes-Velázquez, Waldina P.; Anguiano-Sevilla, Claudia N.; Anguiano-Estrella, Rubén; Rojo, Federico

doi:10.4067/s0719-81322018000200111

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Six horses from three locations in Mexico that had been fed diets containing 50% corn stover contaminated by a total fumonisin concentration of 1.80, 5.23 and 4.54 mg/kg were affected by ELEM, as clinically, pathologically and histopathologically confirmed (Reyes‐Velázquez et al., 2018). Based on 50% corn stover in the ration, the total dietary fumonisin concentrations were estimated at 0.90, 2.62 and 2.27 mg/kg.…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of information as regards the toxicity of fumonisins for pigs, poultry and horses

Schrenk¹,

Bignami²,

Bodin³

et al. 2022

EFS2

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In 2018, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) adopted a Scientific Opinion on the risks for animal health related to the presence of fumonisins, their modified forms and hidden forms in feed. A no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of 1 mg/kg feed was established for pigs.In poultry a NOAEL of 20 mg/kg feed and in horses a reference point for adverse animal health effect of 8.8 mg/kg feed was established, referred to as NOAEL. The European Commission (EC) requested EFSA to review the information regarding the toxicity of fumonisins for pigs, poultry and horses and to revise, if necessary, the established NOAELs. The EFSA CONTAM Panel considered that the term reference point (RP) for adverse animal health effects better reflects the uncertainties in the available studies. New evidence which had become available since the previous opinion allowed to revise an RP for adverse animal health effects for poultry from 20 mg/kg to 1 mg/kg feed (based on a LOAEL of 2.5 mg/kg feed for reduced intestinal crypt depth) and for horses from 8.8 to 1.0 mg/kg feed (based on case studies on equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM)). For pigs, the previously established NOAEL was confirmed as no further studies suitable for deriving an RP for adverse animal health effects could be identified. Based on exposure estimates performed in the previous opinion, the risk of adverse health effects of feeds containing FB1-3 was considered a concern for poultry, when taking into account the RP of 1 mg/kg feed for intestinal effects. For horses and other solipeds, the risk is considered low, although a large uncertainty associated with exposure was identified. The same conclusions apply to the sum of FB1-3 and their hidden forms.

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Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of information as regards the toxicity of fumonisins for pigs, poultry and horses

Schrenk¹,

Bignami²,

Bodin³

et al. 2022

EFS2

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“…Corn stover is the stalks, leaves, and husks that remain in the field after corn harvest [ 94 ]. It has been reported as a source of abundant exposure to Fusarium mycotoxins such as Fs, ZEN, and DON [ 95 , 96 ]. The content of ergot alkaloids correlated to the proportion of concentrate in the diet, confirming previous reports that related cereal grains with ergot alkaloids [ 97 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, the outcomes were adjusted for apparent recoveries defined through spiking experiments, according to Steiner et al (2020) [ 102 ]. This analytical methodology has been validated [ 96 ] and used to study the occurrence of multiple metabolites in complex feedstuff matrices such as silages, pastures, concentrates, and TMRs [ 2 , 5 , 22 , 39 , 56 ]. The method accuracy has been verified on a routine basis by proficiency testing organized by BIPEA (Genneviliers, France).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixtures of Mycotoxins, Phytoestrogens, and Other Secondary Metabolites in Whole-Plant Corn Silages and Total Mixed Rations of Dairy Farms in Central and Northern Mexico

Penagos-Tabares

Sulyok

Artavia³

et al. 2023

Toxins

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Mycotoxins and endocrine disruptors such as phytoestrogens can affect cattle health, reproduction, and productivity. Most studies of mycotoxins in dairy feeds in Mexico and worldwide have been focused on a few (regulated) mycotoxins. In contrast, less known fungal toxins, phytoestrogens, and other metabolites have been neglected and underestimated. This study analyzed a broad spectrum (>800) of mycotoxins, phytoestrogens, and fungal, plant, and unspecific secondary metabolites in whole-plant corn silages (WPCSs) and total mixed rations (TMRs) collected from 19 Mexican dairy farms. A validated multi-metabolite liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometric (LC/ESI–MS/MS) method was used. Our results revealed 125 of >800 tested (potentially toxic) secondary metabolites. WPCSs/TMRs in Mexico presented ubiquitous contamination with mycotoxins, phytoestrogens, and other metabolites. The average number of mycotoxins per TMR was 24, ranging from 9 to 31. Fusarium-derived secondary metabolites showed the highest frequencies, concentrations, and diversity among the detected fungal compounds. The most frequently detected mycotoxins in TMRs were zearalenone (ZEN) (100%), fumonisin B1 (FB1) (84%), and deoxynivalenol (84%). Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA), previously reported in Mexico, were not detected. All TMR samples tested positive for phytoestrogens. Among the investigated dietary ingredients, corn stover, sorghum silage, and concentrate proportions were the most correlated with levels of total mycotoxins, fumonisins (Fs), and ergot alkaloids, respectively.

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“…Additionally, fumonisins can induce Equine Leuko Encephalo Malacia (ELEM) in horses. ELEM is a disease of the central nervous system that is characterized by depression, blindness, and ataxia [ 115 ].…”

Section: Mycotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotechnological and Medical Aspects of Lactic Acid Bacteria Used for Plant Protection: A Comprehensive Review

Bergsma

Euverink

Charalampogiannis

et al. 2022

BioTech

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The use of chemical pesticides in agriculture goes hand in hand with some crucial problems. These problems include environmental deterioration and human health complications. To eliminate the problems accompanying chemical pesticides, biological alternatives should be considered. These developments spark interest in many environmental fields, including agriculture. In this review, antifungal compounds produced by lactic acid bacteria (LABs) are considered. It summarizes the worldwide distribution of pesticides and the effect of pesticides on human health and goes into detail about LAB species, their growth, fermentation, and their antifungal compounds. Additionally, interactions between LABs with mycotoxins and plants are discussed.

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Association of acute equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM) with fumonisins concentrations in corn stover in an outbreak in the state of Jalisco, Mexico

Cited by 8 publications

References 9 publications

Assessment of information as regards the toxicity of fumonisins for pigs, poultry and horses

Assessment of information as regards the toxicity of fumonisins for pigs, poultry and horses

Mixtures of Mycotoxins, Phytoestrogens, and Other Secondary Metabolites in Whole-Plant Corn Silages and Total Mixed Rations of Dairy Farms in Central and Northern Mexico

Biotechnological and Medical Aspects of Lactic Acid Bacteria Used for Plant Protection: A Comprehensive Review

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